What pathogens are found in beach water?

The surfaces of beaches, swimming pools, and natural lakes are places of relaxation and fun for many. However, these waters can serve not only as a source of refreshment but also as a home for various pathogens. The joys of swimming are often overshadowed by the potential for infections that can be found in the water, air, or even on surrounding surfaces. During swimming, pathogens can easily enter the body through swallowed water, skin contact, or breathing.

Fears related to beach experiences are not unfounded, as various viruses, bacteria, and parasites may lurk for bathers. Medical literature and scientific research continuously address this issue, and although the risk of infections is relatively low, adhering to proper precautions is essential. To enjoy swimming safely, it is advisable to be aware of the possible risks and how to prevent them.

The relationship between infections and swimming concerns many beachgoers, but a scientific approach can help understand the real risks. The guidelines and statistics provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) detail the most common infections threatening bathers and assist in conscious swimming practices.

Pathogens in the Water: What Threatens Bathers?

Various pathogens can be found in bathing water, which can cause different health problems. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites suspended in the water can easily enter the body, for example, through swallowed water or skin contact. Adenoviruses that cause flu-like symptoms and bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli that cause diarrhea can be common pathogens. Additionally, Cryptosporidium parasites may be responsible for gastrointestinal complaints, although their occurrence is rarer in Central Europe.

Professor Herbert Auer, a parasitologist at the Medical University of Vienna, states that chlorination and ozonation in swimming pools help reduce the likelihood of pathogen proliferation, while the risk is somewhat higher in natural waters. However, through proper hygiene measures and regulation of bathing areas, the number of infections can be minimized.

Those traveling to countries where hygiene standards are inadequate should pay particular attention to the risk of infection. Schistosomiasis, for example, is a parasitic infection that can occur in natural waters and, although unpleasant, is not severe. To avoid such pathogens, it is best to inquire about water quality and local hygiene conditions.

Eye and Ear Infections: How Can We Prevent Them?

During beach outings, the eyes and ears are particularly sensitive areas where pathogens can easily enter. Symptoms such as redness, tearing, and pain in the eyes after swimming often indicate conjunctivitis. Gerald Böhme, a member of the European Society of Contact Lens Optometrists, notes that chlorine used to purify water is often responsible for eye problems, but pathogens can also cause these symptoms.

Ear infections, which may result from Pseudomonas bacterial infections, are also common complaints. Symptoms include itching, ear pain, and hearing loss. Natural waters and poorly maintained pools pose an increased risk.

To avoid eye infections, it is recommended to wear well-fitting swimming goggles that prevent water from entering. If irritation occurs in the eyes, it is advisable to see an eye doctor as soon as possible, especially for contact lens wearers, who are at higher risk of infection. Cleaning lenses and promptly discarding single-use versions are essential for proper hygiene.

Fungal Infections and Other Skin Problems: The Importance of Prevention

Fungal infections and skin problems are also common at bathing sites, particularly in showers and changing rooms. In addition to pathogens in the water, they can be found on surfaces, allowing infections to spread quickly. Athlete’s foot is particularly widespread, affecting one in eight adults, while the prevalence of viral warts among children is also high.

Wearing flip-flops not only helps prevent infections but also reduces the risk of accidents on slippery surfaces. To prevent these issues, it is important to wear appropriate footwear and to regularly clean and dry the feet.

While the presence of pathogens may be concerning, beach outings and water sports have positive effects on health. Swimming keeps you fit and healthy, and the risk of infections can be minimized by adhering to proper precautions. By practicing conscious swimming and observing hygiene rules, beach outings can become a safe and enjoyable experience.