PCOS: The Most Common Infertility Factor

A hormonal imbalance disorders among women deserve particular attention, as they can lead to numerous health issues. One of the most common of these is polycystic ovary syndrome, which primarily affects young and middle-aged women. PCOS, as it is commonly abbreviated, not only affects the ovaries but also complexly influences hormonal and metabolic processes.

The background of the disease often involves hereditary factors, and modern lifestyle choices, such as stress, lack of physical activity, and poor nutrition, can further complicate treatment. PCOS is also closely related to insulin resistance, which increases the risk of diabetes; therefore, it is important for women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of the disease.

PCOS can be treated not only by gynecologists but also by other specialists, as the complexity of the disease requires various professional approaches for appropriate treatment.

Characteristics and Complications of PCOS

The symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome encompass a wide spectrum that indicates hormonal imbalance. The most common phenomenon is irregular menstrual cycles, which can mean a missed period lasting longer than three months. Additionally, women often experience ovulatory disorders, which can make conception difficult.

Another well-known symptom of PCOS is increased hair growth, resulting from an excess of male hormones. Moreover, skin problems such as acne and hair loss are also common. Most patients are overweight, but this is not always the case; many lean women can also be affected.

Long-term consequences of PCOS include increased risks of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. The disease is often associated with hyperinsulinemia, which indicates elevated insulin levels in the body and contributes to the exacerbation of hormonal disorders.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options for PCOS

The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome is established based on the Rotterdam criteria. Within this framework, at least two of the following three conditions must be met: irregular menstruation or ovulatory disorder, the presence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound examination, and an excess of male hormones. It is important to exclude other endocrinological causes during the diagnosis.

The treatment of PCOS is a complex task that requires the collaboration of various specialists, including gynecologists, internists, and dietitians. The focus of treatment is on healthy eating and regular physical activity. In terms of nutrition, the quality of carbohydrates is of paramount importance, as consuming low glycemic index foods can improve insulin sensitivity.

Exercise is also essential, as regular cardio workouts can help restore hormonal balance. If necessary, the treating physician may prescribe metformin, which helps reduce insulin resistance and also promotes ovulation.

The Role of Nutrition in the Treatment of PCOS

Nutrition plays a key role in the treatment of PCOS, as it not only combats insulin resistance but also helps restore hormonal balance. During the diet, it is important to consider the glycemic index, which indicates how quickly foods raise blood sugar levels. Favoring low glycemic index foods can help maintain stable blood sugar levels.

The timing of daily meals is also an important aspect: breakfast ideally should be around 8 AM, lunch between 12-1 PM, and dinner should take place no later than 6 PM. Additionally, it is advisable to include smaller meals every 2-3 hours, which should also contain slowly absorbed carbohydrates.

Alongside nutrition, regular physical activity is vital. Cardio exercises, such as running, swimming, or cycling, help burn calories and maintain hormonal balance. Therefore, it is essential for women living with PCOS to pay attention to their lifestyle, as proper nutrition and exercise can contribute to the management of the disease and the prevention of complications.