Sjögren’s syndrome may increase the risk of eye and respiratory infections

The Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, particularly the salivary and tear-producing glands. As a result of this disease, patients often suffer from the unpleasant symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth. These symptoms are not only bothersome but can also lead to various complications in the long term. The diagnosis and treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome are particularly important, as appropriate medical care can help alleviate symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.

The symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome

The primary symptom of Sjögren’s syndrome is dry eyes, which is often accompanied by a burning sensation, stabbing pain, and red eyes. Patients frequently report a feeling of having a foreign body in their eyes. Following this, a decrease in saliva production occurs, leading to dry mouth. Other symptoms of the disease include swelling of the major salivary glands, joint pain, and inflammation in the skin, lungs, and other organs.

In addition to medical treatment, patients with Sjögren’s syndrome must continuously monitor the condition of their mucous membranes. Dr. Zsuzsanna Smajda, an immunologist, emphasizes that due to dry eyes and dry mouth, patients often seek medical attention, where they can receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Alongside medications, it is important for patients to manage dryness in their daily lives, otherwise, the disease can cause further discomfort.

Risk of secondary infections

For patients suffering from Sjögren’s syndrome, the lack of a tear film covering their eyes not only reduces comfort but also increases the risk of various infections. The tear film not only provides moisture but also offers protection against bacterial and viral pathogens. When tear production decreases, patients are much more susceptible to eye diseases, while dryness of the mouth and nasal mucosa can lead to respiratory infections.

To protect the mucous membranes, the body attempts to counteract pathogens by increasing mucus production, which is related to the nature of the disease. Patients often experience that the risk of infections increases due to dry mouth and reduced tear production, leading to further complications. Alongside appropriate medical treatment, patients must also pay attention to their hygiene practices and infection prevention.

Medical treatment and daily practices

Treating Sjögren’s syndrome is challenging, as the disease is currently incurable but manageable. To reduce symptoms, immunoserological blood tests and various diagnostic methods are employed during medical examinations. The goal of treatment is to mitigate inflammatory processes, which may also involve the use of immunomodulatory medications.

To alleviate dry eyes, regular use of artificial tears is recommended. However, it is important for patients to try different products, as everyone may respond differently. For reducing symptoms of dry mouth, sugar-free gums, throat lozenges, and saliva substitutes can be beneficial. The most important aspect that patients often forget is maintaining adequate fluid intake. Consuming at least 2 liters of plain, non-carbonated mineral water daily can help maintain internal hydration.

Patients should also pay attention to humidifying their rooms, as dry air worsens symptoms. Using humidifiers or hanging laundry in the room can also help increase the moisture content of the air. Managing the symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome is a complex process that requires both medical care and lifestyle changes.