The process and potential risks of septoplasty surgery

A respiratory tract issues include a deviated septum, which affects the quality of life for many people. The septum, which separates the two sides of the nasal cavity, can deviate for various reasons, leading to numerous complaints such as breathing difficulties, nasal congestion, and even headaches. In medicine, there are several methods for treating a deviated septum, and the selection of the most appropriate procedure is based on the results of medical examinations.

To reduce complaints and improve nasal breathing, the most commonly used surgical procedure is submucous septum resection. This method has been used for decades and offers an effective solution for patients. Additionally, there is septoplasty, which represents a newer approach and has become known as a result of the continuous development of surgical techniques. In the following sections, we will take a detailed look at these surgical procedures, as well as the associated risks and postoperative care.

Submucous Septum Resection

Submucous septum resection is the most commonly used procedure for treating a deviated septum, offering significant advantages. During the surgery, the alterations that obstruct breathing are targeted while keeping the mucosa intact. At the beginning of the procedure, the surgeon prepares the patient using general anesthesia or local anesthesia to adequately numb the surgical area.

At the start of the intervention, the surgeon makes an incision on one side of the nose, then ensures painlessness with an anesthetic solution injected under the cartilage and periosteum. The mucosa, perichondrium, and periosteum are carefully separated to access the cartilaginous and bony parts. Following this, protruding cartilage pieces from the midline are removed, and if necessary, the bony spur is also excised to restore normal nasal breathing.

Once the surgical procedure is completed, the mucosa is repositioned, ensuring that previously removed parts are not present. During wound care, a tampon is placed in the nostrils, which is typically removed one to two days later. The duration of the surgery varies, but generally ranges between half an hour and one and a half hours. The degree of septal deviation and the necessity for anesthesia influence the length of the procedure.

Septoplasty

Septoplasty, or septal surgery, is another procedure aimed at correcting the deformity of the septum. This surgical technique has evolved over the years and increasingly offers personalized solutions. The initial steps of the surgery resemble those of submucous septum resection, but the incision technique differs.

In septoplasty, the surgeon addresses the entire length of the septum and aims to minimize the removal of cartilage. The goal of the procedure is to restore the cartilage and align the septum in a proper vertical position. In some cases, incisions made on the concave side of the cartilage help to straighten the deformed part by relieving pressure from the convex side. During the procedure, if necessary, reinforcement of the cartilage may also occur, using previously removed tissues or tissues from other areas, such as rib cartilage.

After the surgery, patients need to monitor the condition of the operated area, as bleeding may gradually decrease. The occurrence of a cough and bloody sputum post-surgery is normal, and swelling around the nose is also a common phenomenon. After the tampon is removed, if there is no bleeding, patients are usually allowed to go home, although sensitivity in the nose may persist for weeks.

Surgical Risks and Complications

Any surgical intervention, including septal surgery, carries certain risks and complications. The most common complications include the formation of clots between the mucosal layers and crusting of the nasal mucosa at the site of the defect. Rarely, perforation may occur due to cartilage tissue necrosis, especially in submucous septum resection.

Infections may also occur, and it is possible that strictures or adhesions requiring further correction may develop post-surgery, which can obstruct nasal breathing. It is essential for patients to be aware of the potential risks and to be well-informed about the details of the procedure. Professional medical care and patient cooperation can help minimize the likelihood of complications and contribute to successful recovery.