Kienböck’s disease

The health of the hands and wrists is essential in our daily lives, as these body parts are constantly in use. The joints and bones of the wrist are incredibly complex structures that allow for fine movements and the exertion of greater forces. However, these complex systems are prone to various diseases and injuries that can affect their functions.

Particularly noteworthy is the lunate bone, which is a key element of the wrist. The necrosis of this bone, also known as Kienböck’s disease, can cause serious problems in wrist movement and can also result in pain. The disease most commonly affects young men, and its exact causes are not always known. The development of the disease is often associated with wrist overload or a series of minor injuries.

Early recognition of the symptoms of Kienböck’s disease is essential for effective treatment. If there is pain, swelling, or restricted movement in the back of the wrist, it is advisable to consult a specialist. Diagnosis is generally straightforward, and treatment options encompass a wide range.

The Symptoms of Kienböck’s Disease

The primary symptoms of Kienböck’s disease include pain and tenderness in the back of the wrist. These complaints typically arise after an accident, for example, when weight is applied to the wrist or when it is suddenly and forcefully moved. The pain may intensify during various movements of the wrist, making everyday activities more difficult.

Another warning sign is the restriction of movement in the hand, and after a while, the wrist becomes stiff. This stiffness results in the patient being unable to extend the hand backward, and often the arm also bends toward the palm. As the symptoms worsen, muscle atrophy in the hand may occur, further impairing movement functions.

If the aforementioned symptoms are experienced, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. A specialist can easily diagnose Kienböck’s disease based on the complaints and imaging studies of the wrist. In advanced stages, the lunate bone deforms, its size decreases, and clear abnormalities can be observed during imaging procedures.

Treatment Options for Kienböck’s Disease

The treatment of Kienböck’s disease focuses on alleviating symptoms and restoring wrist movement. The first step is usually immobilizing the wrist using a cast, which helps reduce pain and inflammation. This conservative treatment can often effectively reduce problems; however, if symptoms persist, surgical intervention may be necessary.

The most commonly performed surgical procedure involves the removal of the damaged bone fragments or even the complete excision of the lunate bone, which is replaced with a silicone prosthesis. This solution generally results in significant pain reduction and improved wrist movement.

If symptoms continue to persist after surgery, arthrodesis, or the complete fusion of the joint, may become necessary. This procedure eliminates pain but leaves movement restrictions, so this solution is only applied as a last resort. To choose the appropriate treatment, it is important for patients to consult thoroughly with their doctor to achieve the best results.