Osteoarthritis and its signs

The degeneration of joint cartilage and degenerative joint diseases are widespread issues among the adult population, particularly for the older age group. These musculoskeletal disorders significantly impact quality of life, as they are associated with pain and limited mobility. Understanding the proper functioning of joints and preventing diseases is crucial, as it is important to be aware of the various symptoms and possible treatment options.

Characteristics of Osteoarthritis

Degenerative joint problems are often observed in individuals over the age of 50, but early signs can appear around the age of 40. Symptoms usually develop gradually and can initially only be felt during movement, decreasing at rest. However, as the disease progresses, pain may become persistent, significantly affecting daily activities.

Degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis, develop as a result of cartilage degeneration. The thinning of cartilage and increased friction between bones can cause serious pain, particularly noticeable during movement. Understanding the treatment of this condition is key to effective rehabilitation and pain reduction.

Osteoarthritis, or joint cartilage degeneration, is the most common degenerative joint disease, primarily characterized by the gradual aging and thinning of cartilage. During the disease, cartilage in the joint between bones is gradually replaced by bone, causing friction and pain. The first signs of cartilage degeneration typically manifest as pain experienced during movement, which decreases at rest.

As the disease progresses, pain can become constant, and limited mobility may also appear. Joint stiffness, especially in the mornings, is also characteristic, but this stiffness usually subsides within half an hour. Patients often experience restricted movement in the affected joint, making it difficult to perform daily activities.

There are two main types of osteoarthritis: primary and secondary. The primary form mainly arises from age-related changes, while the secondary form can develop due to other causes, such as injuries or developmental disorders. Genetic factors, mechanical stress, and obesity can also contribute to the development of the disease, clearly increasing the pressure on the joints.

Most Commonly Affected Joints

Osteoarthritis most commonly affects the joints of the hands, hips, and knees. In the case of the hands, the joint between the distal phalanx and the underlying proximal phalanx is the most prone to degeneration. Heberden’s nodes, or swellings, can develop in this area, which are generally painless but can be aesthetically disturbing.

The hip joint is also frequently affected, with pain increasing during movement or load. Initially, pain decreases at rest, but as the disease progresses, limping and limited mobility may also occur. Hip pain often radiates to the inner thigh or towards the knee, affecting the patient’s gait.

The knee joint is also a common target for degenerative changes. Pain particularly intensifies during stair climbing or kneeling, and the joint may “catch” during movement. Additionally, many experience a popping or cracking sound within the joint, which may be a sign of cartilage degeneration.

Treatment of Degenerative Joint Diseases

In the treatment of degenerative joint diseases, reducing predisposing factors plays a key role. Normalizing body weight is essential to reduce further joint stress. Rest and offloading can also help alleviate pain.

Physical therapy is crucial in rehabilitation, as appropriate exercises can help combat pain and stiffness. Regular, gentle exercise is recommended to maintain movement and increase muscle strength. Alternative treatments, such as warm packs, baths, or ultrasound therapy, may also have beneficial effects in alleviating symptoms.

During medication treatment, the use of pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs can help mitigate symptoms. Injections into the joint can also be effective, but it is important not to use them too frequently in the same joint. If conservative therapies do not yield the desired results, surgical intervention may be the next step in managing pain and limited mobility.

Degenerative Joint Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis

It is important to distinguish osteoarthritis from rheumatoid arthritis, as these diseases operate through different mechanisms. While osteoarthritis affects bones and joints, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can affect not only the joints but also other organ systems, such as the tear glands, salivary glands, heart, and lungs.

In rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory processes dominate, whereas degenerative changes and cartilage degeneration are central to osteoarthritis. The treatment of the two diseases is also different, and establishing an accurate diagnosis is essential for selecting the appropriate therapy. A holistic approach that considers the individual needs and conditions of patients plays a key role in effective treatment.