Pain Caused by Infectious Origin Pleural Inflammation

Pleurodynia epidemica, also known as epidemic myalgia or Bornholm disease, is a condition characterized by viral muscle inflammation that can affect individuals of all ages, regardless of gender. This disease is marked by an acute course, associated with fever and intense sweating, and it also causes chest and abdominal pain. Pleurodynia epidemica is not only uncomfortable but can also lead to a significant deterioration in quality of life, as the pain greatly impacts daily activities.

The underlying causes encompass a wide range: bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses can all be responsible for the development of the disease. Among the most common pathogens are the Coxsackie A and B viruses. The name pleurodynia epidemica refers to the characteristic muscle pain of the disease and originates from the island of Bornholm, where the disease occurred in clusters, thus the name is rooted in this location.

The symptoms of the disease often appear suddenly, and the intensity of the pain can vary, which further complicates the diagnosis. The disease affects not only physical but also psychological well-being, as the pain and feeling of vulnerability can be frustrating for patients.

Causes and Symptoms of Pleurodynia Epidemica

The triggers behind pleurodynia epidemica are generally viral infections, with the most common being Coxsackie virus types A and B. These viruses spread during respiratory illnesses, and the infection triggers the body’s immune response, which can lead to muscle inflammation. The symptoms of the disease manifest suddenly, typically as sharp pain felt in the upper-middle part of the abdomen or the lower part of the chest. Additionally, fever, severe sweating, pallor, and general malaise are also common.

The intensity of the pain can vary and typically occurs in episodes that can last from 15 to 30 minutes. During these episodes, breathing becomes shallower and more difficult, and coughing or sneezing only exacerbates the pain. Other symptoms of the disease may include sore throat, nausea, and pain in the muscles of the trunk and limbs. The pain in the intercostal muscles is particularly intense, which is also the background for the name pleurodynia epidemica.

Laboratory tests are needed to establish a diagnosis, during which elevated inflammatory parameters and other lab values can help identify the disease. Based on the characteristics and symptoms of pleurodynia epidemica, specialists can relatively easily determine the diagnosis.

Complications and Treatment of the Disease

Although pleurodynia epidemica generally has a mild course and most cases heal without complications, in some instances, more severe consequences can occur. Complications of the disease may include orchitis and peritonitis. In an epidemiological context, establishing a diagnosis may be simpler, as cases with similar symptoms occur in clusters. However, at the beginning of outbreaks, differential diagnosis is necessary to rule out other diseases that present similar symptoms, such as spontaneous pneumothorax or gastric perforation.

To confirm the diagnosis, the detection of the virus is necessary, which can be achieved through the analysis of samples taken from the throat or stool. Serological tests may also be useful, as the presence of specific IgM antibodies can confirm the occurrence of the disease. Treatment for pleurodynia epidemica is generally symptomatic, involving the use of pain and fever-reducing medications.

The prognosis for cases without complications is favorable, with most patients recovering within a few days. Proper medical care and rest can aid in recovery, and patients typically return to their daily activities soon.