Causes and Risk Factors of Asthma

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that can appear at various ages, but is most often diagnosed in childhood and young adulthood. The factors responsible for the development of the disease interact in a complex manner and include genetic predisposition as well as environmental influences. There are two main types of asthma: allergic and non-allergic asthma, which have different triggers.

Due to inflammation in the airways, the bronchi narrow, making breathing difficult, particularly during exhalation. The intensity of asthma attacks can vary widely, ranging from complete symptom-free periods to severe respiratory difficulties. The treatment and management of asthma are continuously evolving, and it is important for patients to be aware of their condition and the triggering factors.

These factors not only play a role in the development of the disease but also in the exacerbation of symptoms. With the right knowledge, patients can better manage their condition and avoid potentially dangerous situations.

The Causes and Risk Factors of Asthma

The appearance of asthma is closely related to genetic and environmental factors. If there is a history of asthma or allergies in the family, the likelihood of developing the disease significantly increases. Particularly in children, it is important to consider early respiratory infections, which can manifest as illnesses caused by viruses. These early infections can be decisive in the later development of asthma.

Environmental factors include air pollution and various allergens, such as pollen, house dust mites, or animal dander. Children living in urban areas, especially in city centers, are at greater risk of exposure to these dangers. Additionally, various chemicals, such as agricultural pesticides, hairdressing products, or industrial materials, can also contribute to the development of asthma.

The disease is more common among boys, but after puberty, the number of diagnoses in girls also increases. Interestingly, during adolescence, many children “outgrow” asthma, but unfortunately, symptoms often return in young adulthood. Various risk factors, such as family history, environmental effects, and early illnesses, all contribute to the development of the disease.

The Symptoms and Triggers of Asthma

The symptoms of asthma are extremely varied and fluctuating, making the management of the disease challenging. The range of symptoms can vary from completely symptom-free states to severe respiratory difficulties. The most common symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness.

Symptoms can be triggered by various factors that provoke asthma attacks in patients. Allergens, such as pollen, mold, or house dust mites, are common triggers. Additionally, smoke, whether from tobacco or other pollutants, can also exacerbate symptoms.

Respiratory infections, particularly viral illnesses, often trigger asthma attacks. Physical activity, such as during sports, can also increase symptoms, especially in cold or humid weather. Strong emotional reactions, such as stress or excitement, can also affect breathing.

Certain medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can worsen asthma symptoms. Preservatives added to foods, such as sulfites, may also cause problems. Furthermore, the reflux of stomach acid back into the esophagus can worsen asthma conditions. Due to the complexity of the disease, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the triggering factors so that patients can effectively manage their symptoms.