Oral Cavity Inflammations – Signs and Therapies

The oral cavity and pharynx are areas that are not free from the presence of microbes and bacteria. Every human mouth has a natural flora that helps maintain balance. However, this flora can easily be disrupted for various reasons, such as infections or inflammations. Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane can indicate numerous health issues, and it is important to pay attention to these symptoms.

Underlying conditions such as diabetes, anemia, or vitamin deficiencies can often contribute to oral inflammations. Additionally, liver and kidney failure may also contribute to the development of inflammations. Proper medical diagnosis and treatment are essential when addressing these issues.

The health of the oral cavity is closely related to overall health, so early detection and treatment of oral diseases are particularly important. Knowing the different types of inflammations and infections can help us seek medical attention in a timely manner when we notice symptoms.

Aphthae: The Painful Ulcers

Aphthae are small, painful ulcers that typically appear on the inside of the cheeks, tongue, or gums. These sores are a few millimeters in diameter and have bright red edges. The exact mechanism of aphthae formation is still not completely understood, but there are several triggers, including infections, consumption of spicy or hot foods, hormonal changes such as menstruation, and stressful situations.

Aphthae usually resolve on their own within 7-10 days and rarely accompany fever or lymph node swelling. It is recommended to use antiseptics to relieve pain and promote healing. The appearance of aphthae can easily be confused with lesions caused by the herpes simplex virus, making accurate diagnosis important.

Herpes occurs in a significant portion of the population, but only a smaller percentage experience oral inflammation as a result. The first sign of herpes is usually a burning sensation, followed by the appearance of small blisters. These blisters develop into ulcers with red edges, and accompanying symptoms may include fever, lymph node swelling, and increased saliva production. Herpes typically heals within 1-2 weeks, but recurrences are common.

Stomatitis: Inflammation of the Oral Mucosa

Stomatitis, also known as oral mucositis, is the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, most commonly caused by a viral infection. Bacterial or fungal infections can also contribute to the development of inflammation, as can certain medications or chemicals. The condition of the oral cavity, such as poor hygiene and tartar buildup, may predispose individuals to viral infections.

Symptoms of stomatitis include the appearance of ulcers covered with grayish plaque, fever, lymph node swelling, and copious, purulent saliva. The fungus Candida albicans is also a common pathogen in oral fungal infections, particularly in those receiving long-term antibiotics, corticosteroids, or chemotherapy. Symptoms of fungal infection include grayish-white plaque that can be easily wiped off, but the area may be sensitive to bleeding. Antifungal mouthwashes are recommended for treating these infections.

Gingivitis: Inflammation of the Gums

Gingivitis, or gum inflammation, can develop as a result of poor oral hygiene and tartar buildup. These factors promote the colonization of certain pathogens that cause inflammation in the gums. Early symptoms of gingivitis include gum bleeding, followed by swelling and redness. The inflammation can be painful, and if not treated in a timely manner, it can lead to gum recession and tooth loss.

Inflamed gums are particularly susceptible to viral infections, making regular oral care and dental check-ups essential. Proper hygiene and treatments recommended by a dentist can help prevent gingivitis and subsequent gum disease.

Cheilitis: Inflammation of the Lips

Cheilitis, also known as lip inflammation, can develop due to hot foods, drinks, or chemical substances, and may be accompanied by painful ulcers in the corners of the mouth. These ulcers are often prone to bleeding. The development of cheilitis may be related to a weakened immune system, fungal infection, or improper use of dental prosthetics.

During treatment, the use of antiseptic mouthwashes and steroid-containing ointments is recommended. If the inflammations, ulcers, or plaques in the oral cavity do not resolve or continue to grow, it is important to consult a physician. An oral surgeon or an ENT specialist may be the appropriate professional to help address the symptoms and rule out potential serious problems.