Our Small Organ, the Thyroid, Can Cause Huge Problems

The thyroid, this small, butterfly-shaped gland weighing only 18-25 grams, plays an extremely important role in the functioning of our body. Although small, its effects are significant: the hormones produced by the thyroid influence metabolism, the functioning of the nervous system, and our overall physical and mental balance. Both underactivity and overactivity can lead to numerous health issues, which occur more frequently in women. Hormonal changes, such as puberty, pregnancy, or breastfeeding, can significantly increase the risk of thyroid diseases.

The symptoms of thyroid diseases are often hidden, making diagnosis difficult. People often do not realize that their problems are related to thyroid function. Below, we present in detail the various types of thyroid disorders, their symptoms, and possible treatment options.

Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism, also known as underactive thyroid, can cause a number of unpleasant symptoms. The most common include fatigue, drowsiness, weakness, slow heart rate, and unexplained weight gain. Additionally, rheumatic diseases, growth disorders, and decreased concentration may also occur. Since thyroid hormones fundamentally influence metabolism, functional disorders affect the functioning of the entire body.

Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, produces a similarly wide range of symptoms. Patients often experience rapid heartbeat, weight loss, increased metabolism, as well as irritability and excessive sweating. Additionally, disturbances in the female menstrual cycle and hair loss may also be characteristic. The underlying causes of hyperthyroidism may include nodules that affect thyroid function, as well as autoimmune diseases such as Graves’ disease.

Diagnosing thyroid diseases is important, as appropriate treatment often begins with medication. If medication is insufficient, surgical intervention may be necessary, especially if nodules or tumors in the thyroid are suspected.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Thyroid Diseases

Due to the diversity of symptoms related to thyroid diseases, establishing a diagnosis is not always straightforward. During medical examinations, laboratory results and physical examinations are used to determine the problem in most cases. In cases of hypothyroidism, blood tests typically show low levels of T3 and T4, while in hyperthyroidism, these hormones are found at elevated levels.

Thyroid nodules also deserve significant attention. Nodules can be benign or malignant, making specialist examination important. If nodules are suspected, ultrasound examination and, if necessary, biopsy may be performed. A biopsy helps determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant, which can guide the next steps.

Treatment of thyroid diseases often involves medication, but if problems persist, surgical intervention may be necessary. During surgery, part or even the entire thyroid gland may be removed if diseases worsen.

Treatment Options for Thyroid Diseases

The treatment methods for thyroid diseases encompass a wide spectrum and depend on the patient’s condition as well as the appropriate diagnosis. In cases of hypothyroidism, the most common solution is the use of hormone replacement medications. These medications replace missing hormones and help stabilize the patient’s condition. It is important that the medication is continuously monitored and adjusted as needed.

In cases of hyperthyroidism, if medication therapy is ineffective, partial or complete removal of the thyroid may be considered. Radioactive iodine treatment can also be an effective solution, specifically targeting and destroying overactive thyroid cells.

Additionally, it is important to change the patient’s lifestyle. Reducing stress, maintaining a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical activity can all contribute to preserving thyroid health. Rest and maintaining mental health are also essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid.

A comprehensive understanding of thyroid diseases and seeking professional help are fundamentally important, as early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for patients.