Spondylosis – What Causes It and How Does It Develop?

The health of the spine plays a fundamental role in the functioning of the human body. However, over the years, the structure and function of the spine gradually change, leading to various health problems. The condition of the intervertebral discs is particularly important, as they provide the spine with flexibility and stability.

During the aging of the discs, their elasticity decreases, and various changes can occur due to the load on the spine. During these processes, the protective mechanisms of the spinal column may also weaken, leading to pain and limited mobility. Therefore, the health of the spine affects not only physical activity but also the quality of everyday life.

The deterioration of the discs and the degenerative changes occurring in the spinal column complicate the lives of many people. Let’s take a closer look at this process, the structure of the spine, and the causes and consequences of spondylosis.

The Structure and Function of the Spine

The spinal column is one of the most important parts of the human body, providing a framework for the torso. Its building blocks are the vertebrae, which stack on top of each other to form the spinal column. The spine not only connects the head and torso but also aids in respiratory movements and provides stable support for the abdominal muscles.

The upright posture also required the evolutionary adaptation of the spine. The “S” shaped curves of the spinal column, such as cervical and lumbar lordosis, as well as thoracic kyphosis, allow for various movements. This multi-joint, multi-axis movement system enables the spine to move in different directions, including forward-backward and lateral movements.

The connection of the vertebrae to each other is largely provided by the intervertebral discs and the small joints, which protect the spinal cord and the nerve canals. Any space-reducing factor in the spinal canal can cause neurological disturbances that affect the functioning of the limbs.

The Aging of Intervertebral Discs and Spondylosis

The intervertebral discs continuously change as a person ages. Starting from the 30s, the elasticity of the discs decreases as their water content diminishes, and their structure deteriorates. This degeneration contributes to the development of spondylosis, which refers to the qualitative changes of the intervertebral discs.

As the discs age, the stability of the vertebrae’s movement decreases, leading to segmental instability. The body’s response involves increased bone formation, which can be observed on the end plates of adjacent vertebrae. This process can lead to bone spurs and calcification, which can restrict spinal movement and cause pain.

The flattening of the discs can exert direct pressure on the exiting nerve roots, leading to further problems. The arthrosis of the small joints of the spine also contributes to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which can affect not only the nerve roots but also the functioning of the vessels that supply the spinal cord.

The development of spondylosis is thus a complex process influenced by various causes and factors. In addition to age, a lack of physical activity and genetic predisposition may also play a role in the manifestation of symptoms.

Factors Influencing the Development of Spondylosis

The development and extent of spondylosis depend on several factors. Genetic predisposition, lifestyle habits, posture, and previous injuries can all contribute to degenerative changes in the spine. Heavy physical labor and unilateral loading of the spine also increase the risk of developing spondylosis.

The lack of a proper active lifestyle, weak core muscles, and poor posture can all accelerate degenerative processes. Stress and psychological conditions, such as chronic depression, also influence spinal health. For example, latent depression can cause intense physical symptoms that are often attributed to organic problems, while the real cause is psychological.

The treatment of chronic lower back pain is not always straightforward, and one should not rely solely on X-ray images. Pain is often intertwined with psychological states, making a holistic approach essential for developing an appropriate treatment plan.

Spondylosis is, therefore, a complex condition affecting many people, and understanding and treating it is key to maintaining spinal health. To prevent it, it is important to promote conscious movement and improve posture, as well as to apply stress management techniques.