CPPD Arthritis – Crystal Disease and Pseudogout

CPPD arthritis, which is caused by calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and leads to joint inflammation, is a condition that primarily affects the elderly. The main characteristic of this condition is that crystals can deposit in the joints, causing inflammation and pain. Wear-and-tear joint diseases, injuries, and metabolic disorders can all contribute to the development of the disease.

Characteristics of Acute CPPD Arthritis

The acute form of CPPD arthritis, also known as pseudogout, occurs in about a quarter of patients. It is characterized by the involvement of usually one joint, most commonly the knee. The affected joint appears red, swollen, and warm to the touch, and becomes extremely painful due to inflammation. The pain comes on suddenly and is very intense, making daily activities difficult.

Pseudogout flares may be accompanied by mild fever or chills, adding to the discomfort. The duration of acute inflammation can vary, lasting from one or two days to even one or two weeks. Symptoms of arthritis include limited mobility, which also complicates the lives of those affected. The acute form usually requires treatment, as the pain and inflammation significantly impact quality of life.

Symptoms of Chronic CPPD Arthritis

The chronic form of CPPD arthritis affects multiple joints and can lead to degenerative changes. The most commonly affected areas include the knee, wrist, hip, and shoulder. Patients may regularly experience morning joint stiffness as well as limited mobility, making it difficult to perform daily tasks.

The progression of the chronic form can be slow, but there are cases where the disease rapidly leads to permanent functional impairment. Affected individuals often find that acute flares of inflammation, similar to the acute form, exacerbate their symptoms. Treating chronic CPPD arthritis presents a complex challenge for doctors, as symptoms often develop similarly to common wear-and-tear joint diseases.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

The diagnosis of CPPD arthritis is often made using X-ray examinations, where the doctor looks for abnormalities in the joints. However, the most reliable diagnostic method is the sampling of joint fluid, which allows for microscopic examination of the specific crystals of the disease. Joint swelling often accompanies fluid accumulation, and draining this fluid can provide relief in the affected area.

Currently, there is no causal treatment that addresses the underlying cause of the disease. For treating acute flare-ups, the use of colchicine and steroids is recommended, which can reduce inflammation. In chronic cases, in addition to medication, it is important to rest the affected joint and apply cold therapy to minimize pain and inflammation. Long-acting steroid injections into the joint can also help reduce symptoms.

Although treating CPPD arthritis is challenging, proper diagnosis and targeted therapy can help improve the quality of life for those affected.