Living with Bechterew’s Disease
The Bechterew’s disease, also known as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that primarily affects the spine, sacrum, and the joints of the ribs. As a result of the disease, ligaments and joints can become ossified, leading to restricted movement. The condition can rarely affect the hips, shoulders, and knees as well. The prevalence of Bechterew’s disease is significantly higher among men, being about eight times more common than in women. Bechterew’s disease typically presents in young adulthood, and in severe cases, it can decrease the patient’s ability to work.
Symptoms and Stages of Bechterew’s Disease
The initial signs of Bechterew’s disease often go unnoticed, but over time, increasing pain and stiffness may occur in the spine and pelvis. As the disease progresses, inflammatory processes can cause the spinal segments to gradually fuse, leading to restricted movement. The stages of the disease generally develop as follows:
1. **Initial Stage**: Mild pain and stiffness occur, mainly in the morning or after prolonged sitting. Since the symptoms often resemble other issues, diagnosis may be delayed.
2. **Advanced Stage**: Pain intensifies, and spinal movement decreases. Patients may notice difficulty bending forward or backward. At this stage, the need for physical therapy treatment becomes common.
3. **Severe Stage**: Fusion of spinal segments and changes in posture are observed. Patients often experience deterioration in posture and curvature of the spine.
The diagnosis of Bechterew’s disease is made through medical examinations and imaging procedures. Treatment options include medication therapy, which helps reduce inflammation and pain, as well as physical therapy interventions aimed at maintaining movement and improving posture.
Treatment Options for Bechterew’s Disease
The primary goal of treating Bechterew’s disease is to reduce inflammation and pain. Medication therapy typically begins with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs that can help alleviate symptoms. Additionally, pain relievers and muscle relaxants may be used to enhance patient comfort.
Physical therapy is an essential part of the treatment. During physiotherapy, patients engage in various exercises aimed at preserving spinal mobility, establishing correct posture, and improving respiratory functions. Underwater exercises are particularly recommended, as the water alleviates stress on the joints, allowing patients to perform exercises without pain.
The use of hot water bottles, as well as warm baths, can also be beneficial. Warm water helps relax muscles and reduce pain. Furthermore, underwater massage is an effective method for pain relief and muscle relaxation.
During the rehabilitation process, the patient must actively participate in their own recovery. Regular exercise and maintaining proper posture are crucial to slowing the progression of the disease.
The Role of Lifestyle in the Treatment of Bechterew’s Disease
Lifestyle changes play a key role in the treatment of Bechterew’s disease. A healthy lifestyle can help alleviate the symptoms of the disease and slow its progression. Avoiding a sedentary lifestyle is recommended, as frequent changes in body position promote the establishment of proper posture. It is also important to avoid heavy lifting and prolonged sitting.
Creating an appropriate sleeping environment is fundamental. A firm and flexible mattress can help maintain the proper position of the spine. Wearing a brace is not recommended, as it can weaken the back muscles and contribute to restricted movement.
Quitting smoking is particularly important, as smoking reduces lung capacity and can exacerbate the symptoms of the disease. A healthy diet and regular exercise can also contribute to improving the quality of life for patients.
Psychological support and social rehabilitation are also significant for patients with Bechterew’s disease. Accepting the disease and providing the right information can help patients better manage their situation.
Psychological and Social Rehabilitation for Those Suffering from Bechterew’s Disease
Bechterew’s disease often begins in young adults, making psychological and social rehabilitation particularly important. Patients need to understand the nature of the disease and accept that treatment is part of their daily lives. Education plays a key role in helping patients successfully adapt to the disease.
In many cases, patients may need assistance in selecting their job or modifying their career. It is important for patients to be aware that genetic predisposition does not automatically pose a risk, but screening tests may be advisable for male children.
If a child shows a predisposition to the disease, establishing a proper lifestyle can help prevent restricted movement. Individuals carrying the gene should avoid heavy physical work and choose occupations where the symptoms of the disease may not worsen.
The complex treatment of Bechterew’s disease and adherence to appropriate lifestyle advice can help slow the progression of the disease while improving the quality of life for patients.
