Funnel and Pectus Carinatum: Chest Deformities

A chest deformity is a medical condition that not only signifies an aesthetic alteration but can also lead to more serious health problems. The structure of the chest, which is intended to protect the heart and lungs, can become distorted due to various anomalies. Among these abnormalities are pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum, which can affect the organs of the chest in different ways. Chest deformities can cause not only aesthetic but also functional issues, and it is important for parents and children to pay attention to these symptoms.

Types of Chest Deformities

The main types of chest deformities include pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectus excavatum, also known as funnel chest, is characterized by an abnormal indentation of the sternum and ribs. As a result, the shape of the chest narrows like a funnel, and it is often observed that the lower part of the sternum sinks towards the thoracic cavity. The prevalence of pectus excavatum is about one percent, and the exact causes are often unknown. There have been familial occurrences, suggesting that genetic factors may influence its development.

In the case of pectus carinatum, the sternum and ribs protrude forward, which generally does not cause serious functional problems but represents a cosmetic deviation. Its prevalence ranges from 1 to 2 percent. The causes of pectus carinatum are also not always clear, but genetic factors or certain diseases may contribute to its development.

Although children with both types often do not experience serious health issues, chest deformities can have long-term effects on breathing and heart function. Thorough examinations and diagnoses by specialists can help in developing an appropriate treatment plan.

Problems Associated with Pectus Excavatum

Pectus excavatum can cause several problems that affect underlying organs such as the lungs and heart. Due to the depressed chest wall, the position of the heart and lungs changes, which impacts their function. While many children do not face serious consequences from this anomaly, it is always advisable to seek a specialist’s opinion.

Children with pectus excavatum may experience respiratory illnesses more frequently, such as bronchitis, and in many cases, they may be more fatigued during exertion. Shortness of breath and rapid breathing may also occur, which can be a cause for further concern. A heart murmur is often audible in them, especially in more severe cases where the heart and major vessels may be under pressure, potentially leading to heart failure.

A physical examination and various imaging procedures, such as three-dimensional CT scans, are necessary for diagnosis. Additionally, measuring lung function is important to assess how much the chest deformity affects the child’s respiratory capacity. During an ECG examination, a deviation in the heart axis may also be detected, providing further information about heart function.

Treatment Options for Pectus Excavatum

The treatment for pectus excavatum generally focuses on strengthening the muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen. Regular exercise and specific exercises that help prevent further deterioration of the deformity are recommended as part of the treatment. It is important to understand that the exercises do not always aim to correct the existing deformity but rather to stabilize and improve functional status.

In more severe cases, where problems affecting the heart or lungs arise, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgery is often justified for aesthetic reasons as well, to prevent psychological trauma. The procedure is best performed before the age of 18, as recovery and regeneration are generally faster at this age.

During the surgery, a plate attached to the chest helps to reposition the bones, which can be removed over time. Modern surgical techniques allow for minimal scarring after the procedure, so the child’s appearance can remain unaffected.

Treatment for Pectus Carinatum

In the case of pectus carinatum, the goal of treatment is to strengthen the muscles of the chest and back. Exercises that promote the proper movement of the respiratory muscles and the development of back muscles are recommended. If the degree of deformity is significant, wearing a brace may also help, but cosmetic surgeries are generally not recommended, as pectus carinatum does not cause serious functional problems.

During the treatment of pectus carinatum, specialists consider the individual condition and developmental pace of the child. Regular check-ups monitor the condition of the chest, and the treatment plan is adjusted as needed. The goal is for the child to enjoy an optimal quality of life and avoid further complications.

Overall, chest deformities such as pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum require serious attention. It is important for parents and children to approach this issue consciously and seek professional help if necessary. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help ensure that children develop healthily and avoid later problems.