Hypertension – 20 percent of the population is unaware of their condition

A high blood pressure is becoming increasingly common worldwide, particularly prevalent in Hungary. A significant portion of the adult population, nearly one-quarter, is affected by this issue. However, many do not recognize that they are struggling with hypertension, and about 20% of the population is unaware that they are living with high blood pressure.

The situation is alarming even among already diagnosed patients, as approximately 25% of them do not receive adequate treatment. The importance of high blood pressure lies in the fact that it is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which also have a very high mortality rate.

World Hypertension Day is celebrated on May 17, initiated by the World Hypertension Organization. The aim of this day is to raise awareness of the dangers of high blood pressure, the importance of prevention, and the treatment options available for the disease. Hypertension does not only affect the adult or elderly population; its occurrence is increasingly common among adolescents, generally increasing with age.

The risk factors for high blood pressure and the methods of prevention are particularly important for improving the health status of the population.

The prevalence and effects of high blood pressure

High blood pressure can affect various age groups and, contrary to popular belief, is not solely a problem for older individuals. It is increasingly common among adolescents, which is a concerning phenomenon. According to statistics, hypertension is more prevalent among younger males, while its occurrence rises among older females.

This disease affects not only the cardiovascular system but can also impact several other organs, such as the kidneys, brain, and eyes. Long-term high blood pressure can have serious health consequences, as those suffering from hypertension have a significantly increased risk of heart attack and stroke.

The consequences of hypertension include organ damage, which can lead to life-threatening conditions. Persistently high blood pressure can weaken the heart muscle and lead to arrhythmias. Additionally, hypertension can affect kidney function, potentially leading to kidney failure. Regular blood pressure monitoring and appropriate medical care are essential to prevent such complications.

The causes and risk factors of high blood pressure

The causes of high blood pressure can be unknown or known factors. Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, affects the majority of patients. Research indicates that genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of the disease, making it crucial to clarify family history.

Observations suggest that geographical location and social status can also influence the occurrence of hypertension. For instance, people living in Mediterranean countries have a lower prevalence of high blood pressure compared to those in northern countries. Furthermore, social factors such as unemployment, stress, alcoholism, smoking, low educational attainment, and malnutrition can increase the risk of the disease.

Key contributing factors include obesity and diabetes, which are closely linked to high blood pressure. The frequency of hypertension also increases among overweight individuals, making weight normalization and lifestyle changes crucial for disease prevention.

The treatment and prevention of high blood pressure

The treatment of high blood pressure is a complex task that includes medication therapy, lifestyle changes, and regular medical check-ups. The classification of blood pressure values helps doctors select the appropriate treatment. The optimal blood pressure level is below 120/80 mmHg, while a diagnosis of hypertension is made for values above 140/90 mmHg.

Lifestyle changes, such as improving diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and managing stress, significantly impact blood pressure reduction. Normalizing body weight and following a healthy lifestyle positively affects not only blood pressure but overall health as well.

It is important for patients to regularly monitor their blood pressure, as even a single spike can pose serious health risks. Sudden high blood pressure can trigger crisis states, such as stroke or heart attack, making prevention and early detection crucial.

Overall, high blood pressure as a public health issue requires serious attention, so it is important for society to be aware of the possibilities for prevention and treatment of the disease. Health programs should focus on the early detection of hypertension and educating the population to address future health challenges.