When does sinusitis occur?

The inflammation of the nasal sinuses is one of the most common health problems that complicates the lives of many people. This condition can be acute or chronic, and various factors such as allergies, viral, or bacterial infections can contribute to its development. Inflammatory processes not only affect our well-being but can also lead to more serious complications if not treated in a timely manner. The nasal sinuses, such as the maxillary sinuses and the frontal sinus, play an important role in breathing and phonation, so any abnormalities here can significantly impact our daily lives.

The function and bones of the facial skull

The bones of the facial skull, such as the frontal bone, the maxilla, the ethmoid bone, and the sphenoid bone, contain several cavities that are directly connected to the nasal cavity. These cavities, commonly known as the paranasal sinuses, play a key role in breathing and phonation, as well as helping to humidify the air and resonate sound. The most well-known paranasal sinuses include the maxillary sinuses and the frontal sinus, but we should not forget about the ethmoid cells and the structures associated with the sphenoid sinus.

Acute inflammations, such as acute sinusitis, typically develop as a result of upper respiratory infections, such as colds or influenza. The mucous membranes swell during this time, blocking the openings of the sinuses and creating an unfavorable environment for pathogens. As a consequence of the inflammatory processes, mucosal swelling and the formation of inflammatory fluid can occur, leading to various symptoms such as nasal congestion, nasal-sounding speech, and headaches. Sinusitis is typically accompanied by pain in the head and face, especially during movement, and the upper teeth may also experience dull pain.

The causes and pathogens of inflammation

Numerous pathogens can be behind inflammatory diseases. The most common bacterial causes include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Moraxella catarrhalis. These bacteria generally respond well to antibiotic treatments, so appropriate therapy can help facilitate a quick recovery.

It is important to mention that not all sinusitis is caused by bacteria. In many cases, there are also viral or allergic origins of inflammation that do not require antibiotic treatment. The risk of sinusitis can be increased by abnormalities in the bones of the facial skull, such as a deviated septum or the presence of nasal polyps. These structures can hinder airflow, which may contribute to the development of inflammatory processes.

Treatment and potential complications

The basis of treatment for most sinusitis cases is symptom relief. The use of nasal drops and sprays can help reduce mucosal swelling, thus improving breathing. However, it is important to use these preparations only for a short term, as long-term use is not recommended. Sinus irrigation is less commonly needed nowadays, but it can be useful in more severe cases.

Although in most cases, inflammations can be well managed, complications can sometimes arise. These include frontal sinusitis or inflammation of the ethmoid cells, which can lead to more serious conditions. Inflammation of the eye socket can also occur, typically in conjunction with other sinusitis. Complications can arise from the spread of infection and can lead to more serious problems, such as intracranial diseases or systemic infections (sepsis).

Thus, sinusitis is a complex condition that can develop due to various factors. Proper prevention and treatment are crucial to avoid complications, so it is important to pay attention to our symptoms and seek medical assistance when necessary.