Most common spinal and musculoskeletal issues in childhood

The spine and musculoskeletal problems are becoming increasingly common among children, and they can have a significant impact on their development and quality of life. Numerous conditions, such as flatfoot, scoliosis, or poor posture, develop during childhood and adolescence, which can lead to serious consequences if left untreated.

Parents need to pay special attention to their children’s musculoskeletal health, as early detection is crucial for prevention and effective treatment. It is often the case that these issues are not detected during school screenings, as the initial signs are often barely noticeable. It is the parents’ responsibility to notice even the smallest deviations and seek professional help if necessary.

Flatfoot

Flatfoot is not just an aesthetic problem; it can also be a source of serious musculoskeletal issues. The arches of the foot are designed to support the body’s weight, and if they do not develop properly, it can lead to the development of flatfoot. Due to weak muscles and ligaments, the foot can become deformed, leading to persistent foot pain and reduced endurance.

The first signs of flatfoot include the child regularly complaining of foot pain, especially along the inner edge of the foot, around the ankle, or near the kneecap. Additionally, the inward turning of the ankles and reduced load-bearing capacity can also be warning signs. In such cases, it is important to seek professional help as soon as possible.

To prevent flatfoot, the most important step is to properly strengthen the foot muscles and protect the arch. Parents should ensure that their child spends plenty of time barefoot, especially on uneven surfaces, as this helps muscle development. Additionally, selecting the right shoes is crucial, as footwear affects the development of the foot. Professional assistance is also recommended here to find the most suitable solutions.

Poor Posture and Scheuermann’s Disease

Poor posture, such as slouching, often develops during childhood, and weak trunk and back muscles may be the underlying cause. A sedentary lifestyle, long hours in front of a computer, and a lack of physical activity can all contribute to the development of postural defects.

The first signs of slouching include a hunched back and forward-leaning shoulders. Early detection and treatment of poor posture are extremely important, as neglect can lead to serious deformities. In contrast, Scheuermann’s disease is a congenital disorder that typically manifests during adolescence. The symptoms of the two conditions are similar, but while poor posture affects soft tissues, Scheuermann’s disease causes bony changes in the vertebrae.

If a child regularly complains of pain near the shoulder blades and we notice that their shoulders and head are leaning forward, it is important to seek professional help. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent further problems.

Scoliosis

Scoliosis, also known as spinal curvature, refers to the lateral bending of the spine, and it has two main types: functional and structural. Functional scoliosis is the result of weak back muscles, and the sudden growth spurts during adolescence, along with a sedentary lifestyle, can increase its development.

Structural scoliosis is the result of asymmetric development of the vertebrae and is often accompanied by a rib hump. Scoliosis is not only an aesthetic issue; it can also lead to early joint wear and chronic pain. Functional scoliosis can usually be treated with physical therapy, while the main goal for structural scoliosis is movement therapy to stabilize the spine.

The signs of scoliosis are easily noticeable, such as differences in shoulder height or asymmetric loading on the hips. If we observe such symptoms in our child, we should promptly seek professional help.

Tips for Preventing Spinal Problems

Regular physical exercise is essential for preventing spinal problems. Sports that require symmetrical loading, such as swimming, hiking, or spinal exercises, are particularly recommended. If a child participates in asymmetrical sports, such as tennis or basketball, it is important for them to perform compensatory exercises to avoid disrupting the body’s balance.

School and home furniture, such as chairs and desks, can also significantly affect posture. Using a wedge cushion or seeking help from a movement therapist can be beneficial in establishing the correct sitting position. Parents should also teach their children to use mobile phones and tablets at eye level to avoid poor posture.

Most importantly, parents should actively monitor their child’s musculoskeletal health and seek professional help at the first signs of even the smallest deviations. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential to prevent permanent damage.