Cataract Surgery

The cataract, also known as cataracta, is a common eye disease that leads to the clouding of the lens of the eye. This phenomenon particularly affects the older population and typically results in gradually deteriorating vision. As the disease progresses, it can also lead to vision loss, making it important for patients to be aware of the treatment options and necessary actions for cataracts.

Causes of Cataracts

The development of cataracts is primarily due to the natural aging of the lens of the eye. The clouding occurs because of structural changes in the proteins of the lens, which causes blurred and hazy vision. As the disease progresses, the quality of vision deteriorates, making everyday activities such as reading or driving increasingly difficult. The goal of cataract treatment is to restore vision, which is usually done surgically.

Cataract surgery is the most common and effective solution for treating the problem. During the procedure, the cloudy lens is removed, and an artificial lens is implanted in its place. The surgery is typically an outpatient procedure, meaning that patients can usually go home after the operation. However, it is important to take several precautions during the post-surgery period to ensure successful healing.

Steps of Cataract Surgical Treatment

The first step in cataract surgical treatment is an eye examination, where the patient discusses their experiences and the degree of vision loss. The specialist conducts a thorough eye examination to determine if cataracts are the cause of the vision deterioration. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the patient will be informed about the date of the surgery.

During the surgery, the lens of the eye is removed using ultrasound technology, which is a minimally invasive procedure. After the cloudy lens is removed, an artificial plastic lens is implanted in its place. The procedure usually takes a short time and is performed under local anesthesia, allowing patients to experience the procedure without pain.

After the surgery, a bandage is placed over the patient’s eye, which is removed the following morning. In most cases, the patient can go home the same day; however, under certain circumstances, such as complications, they may need to spend a night in the hospital. In the first few days after the surgery, it is important to rest and minimize physical activity to allow the eye to properly regenerate.

Post-Surgery Care

After cataract surgery, patients need to pay special attention to the healing process. The prescribed antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops must be strictly adhered to. The drops are typically used for about a week, while the anti-inflammatory ones are used for 2-6 weeks, following the doctor’s instructions.

During the post-surgery period, it is advisable to limit physical activity. Patients are recommended to lift a maximum of 10 kg and should avoid sports for a few weeks. To protect the eye, it is essential to avoid dirty, dusty environments, and it is advisable to postpone shampooing for a few days. Wearing sunglasses is not mandatory, but it is recommended in strong sunlight.

It is important to know that vision may initially be blurry after the surgery, but this phenomenon usually improves within a few days or weeks. The first follow-up examination is typically scheduled for the day after the surgery, followed by additional examinations one week and one month later. After the surgery, patients need to monitor the condition of their eyes, and any abnormalities, such as pain or increased redness, should prompt immediate consultation with a doctor.

Possible Complications

Although cataract surgery is generally a safe procedure, complications can occur rarely. The most serious complication is a purulent internal inflammation of the eye, known as endophthalmitis. Signs of this include decreased visual acuity, increasing pain, eye redness, swelling, and discharge. These symptoms require urgent medical intervention, so it is crucial for patients to be aware of the possible consequences.

If any unusual symptoms occur after the surgery, such as new floaters or increased sensitivity to light, it is essential to contact the ophthalmology department where the surgery was performed immediately. Complications are typically treated with medication or, if necessary, further surgery.

Overall, cataract surgical treatment is an effective solution for vision deterioration, and with proper follow-up care, patients can soon regain their clear vision.