Guidelines for Foot Care for Diabetics

The health of the feet is particularly important, especially for those suffering from diabetes. As a result of the disease, the condition of the blood vessels and nerves deteriorates, which reduces blood supply and pain sensation in the feet. This increases the risk of injuries and tissue damage, making proper foot care essential.

Foot care is not just a matter of hygiene, but also about maintaining the health of the skin and nails. For diabetics, foot care is especially critical, as the condition of the skin and nails directly affects the prevention of infections. Early detection and treatment of emerging problems are crucial to avoid complications.

To ensure proper foot care, several steps must be followed. From cleaning the feet to choosing the right footwear, every detail matters. Below, we outline in detail how to best care for the feet to avoid complications caused by diabetes.

Cleaning and Hygiene of the Feet

Daily cleaning of the feet is essential, and it should be done gently. It is important to check the water temperature to ensure it is not too hot, as this can lead to skin injuries. After washing the feet, special attention should be paid to the spaces between the toes, which should be dried carefully but gently. Moisture buildup can lead to fungal infections, so when drying, the skin should be patted rather than rubbed.

During washing, it is advisable to avoid soaps or shower gels containing irritating substances, as these can damage the skin’s outer layer. The outer layer provides important protection against infections, so any injury, even the smallest, can open a gateway for pathogens. If any changes are noticed on the skin of the foot, immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent more serious complications.

Care for the Skin of the Feet

When caring for the skin of the feet, it is important to keep it soft and hydrated at all times. The use of neutral moisturizing ointments is recommended, as they help prevent dryness and cracking. The chosen creams should be free of irritating dyes and fragrances to avoid skin reactions.

When caring for calluses, it is advisable to use a pumice stone instead of sharp tools, as these are gentler on the skin. If calluses or other changes occur, it is important to consult a doctor, as even the smallest problems can lead to serious complications if not treated in time.

Monitoring the condition of the skin is essential, as diabetic skin is more prone to infections. Any minor injury should be treated immediately to avoid more serious problems.

Nail Care and Inspection

Regular care of the toenails is also an essential part of foot care. If they are difficult to reach due to limited mobility, it is advisable to seek help from relatives or a pedicurist. Nails should be cut straight to avoid ingrown nails, and a nail file should also be used.

Any changes, such as thickening or the appearance of whitish-yellow debris under the nail, can be warning signs that require a visit to a dermatologist. Such changes can lead to infections, which can escalate quickly in diabetics. Therefore, the health of the toenails is closely linked to the overall condition of the feet.

Choosing the Right Footwear

The choice of footwear is also crucial for foot care. Walking barefoot should be avoided, as the lack of proper protection increases the risk of injuries. It is recommended to wear soft, thick cotton or wool socks, as well as comfortable, low-heeled shoes with a soft inner construction that does not cause irritation.

The size of the shoes is also critical; they should never be tight. If there are orthopedic deviations, it is advisable to consult a specialist in a timely manner to find an appropriate solution. The use of insoles can also be beneficial for foot comfort.

For diabetics, it is particularly important to regularly check their feet, as sensory damage often prevents them from sensing injuries. Continuous monitoring of the condition of the feet and facilitating wound healing is essential in the management of diabetes.