What are the causes of the formation of subungual hematoma?

A subungual hematoma is a condition that occurs as a result of injury to the fingers or toes. This phenomenon usually arises from bruises, and the accumulation of blood within can cause throbbing pain. This type of hematoma is most comparable to bruises that appear near the skin surface, and although in many cases it does not require significant intervention, the symptoms and causes of subungual hematomas definitely deserve attention.

Subungual hematomas are most commonly triggered by mechanical injuries, such as when a door slams on a finger or when a heavy object, like a hammer, strikes it. Additionally, pressure on the toes, such as from a heavy weight, can also provoke this condition. It is worth mentioning that dark spots appearing under the nail do not always indicate a hematoma, as in some cases tumors may be involved. If someone notices similar discoloration without a prior injury, it is advisable to consult a doctor.

Causes of subungual hematoma formation

Subungual hematomas most often develop following a blow to the fingers or toes. These blows can be accidental, such as when a door slams on our finger, or when we drop heavy objects. Intense physical activity can also cause such phenomena, as the toes often come into contact with hard surfaces, which can also result in a hematoma.

Several other possible causes may also play a role in the formation of subungual hematomas. For example, if someone collides with a hard object while playing sports, or if they place pressure on their toe with a heavy weight, this can also cause injury. Additionally, dark spots under the nail that initially appear to be hematomas may originate from tumors, so it is important to seek medical advice in such cases.

If a hematoma forms under the nail, the best course of action is to monitor the condition of the nail. The hematoma will disappear as the nail grows, while the position of a tumor will not change. If there is a continuous darkening in the area of the nail, a medical examination is necessary.

Symptoms of subungual hematoma

The most characteristic sign of a subungual hematoma is intense, throbbing pain caused by the accumulation of blood in the space between the nail and the nail bed. This pain is often unbearable and intensifies with pressure on the area of the nail.

Additionally, the appearance of the hematoma can also lead to a change in the color of the nail. Darker spots (such as red, reddish-brown, or purplish-black discoloration) may appear in the affected area. The nail may become more sensitive, and swelling can also develop, further increasing the pain. The swelling and color change generally depend on the severity of the injury and are proportional to the size of the hematoma.

If the subungual hematoma is the result of severe trauma, it is advisable to seek medical attention, as the hematoma may be associated with a fracture or serious injury to the nail bed and surrounding tissues. During a medical examination, the specialist may request an X-ray to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosis of subungual hematoma

In diagnosing a subungual hematoma, the doctor thoroughly examines the injured area. During the examination, they take into account the patient’s medical history, the circumstances of the injury, and the symptoms experienced by the patient. The doctor must determine whether the hematoma is merely a superficial injury or if there are more serious underlying problems, such as a fracture.

X-rays play a key role in the diagnosis, as they allow for the assessment of the condition of the bones. If abnormalities are detected during the X-ray examination, further treatments may be necessary. Additionally, the doctor may examine the area under the nail to rule out the possibility of tumors or other lesions.

After establishing a diagnosis, treatment options must also be considered. Smaller hematomas generally heal on their own, but more severe cases may require medical intervention. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help ensure the quick and effective management of a subungual hematoma, thereby speeding up the healing process.