Allergic rhinitis or cold? – The signs of allergy

The appearance of a cold is a common phenomenon in many people’s lives, and there can be several underlying causes. These conditions include respiratory infections caused by viruses, as well as allergic reactions triggered by various allergens. The symptoms of the two types of colds often resemble each other, making it difficult for many to determine whether they need medical treatment or if home remedies might suffice. Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, which is the primary symptom of a cold, can cause various complaints such as a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, or coughing.

Distinguishing the Causes of a Cold

Distinguishing the causes of a cold is important, as we need to know whether we are dealing with an allergic reaction or a viral illness in order to provide appropriate treatment. The onset and duration of symptoms can reveal a lot about the nature of the problem. In the case of allergic rhinitis, symptoms may persist throughout the year, whereas viral colds typically last for a shorter duration. In most cases, medical examination is essential to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Symptoms and Causes of Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is a familiar condition for many, characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa. The most common sources of allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold, and animal dander. During allergic reactions, the body’s immune system mistakenly perceives these substances as dangerous, leading to the release of histamine, which causes inflammation.

The most characteristic symptoms include a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, as well as itchy and watery eyes. These complaints typically occur immediately after exposure to the allergen and may intensify outdoors, especially in sunny, windy weather, or during the morning and evening hours. Allergic rhinitis is not associated with fever or general malaise, so if these symptoms also appear, it is worth looking for other causes.

Allergic rhinitis often coexists with other allergic diseases, such as asthma or eczema. If someone experiences multiple allergic symptoms, it is advisable to consult an allergist to identify the triggering causes for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Characteristics and Course of Viral Rhinitis

Viral rhinitis, or the common cold, is an infection affecting the respiratory tract, usually caused by viruses such as rhinoviruses. Symptoms of the cold generally appear a few days after infection, and the course of the illness typically does not last longer than 14 days.

In the case of viral rhinitis, the most common complaints include a runny nose, which is typically accompanied by yellow or green discharge, coughing, a scratchy throat, as well as lethargy and fatigue. Fever is rarely present, but if it does occur, it usually does not indicate a high temperature. During a cold, symptoms gradually intensify, and patients generally feel relief after a few days.

It is important to note that the treatment of a cold primarily focuses on alleviating symptoms, as in most cases, the viral infection resolves on its own. Pain relievers, fever reducers, and anti-inflammatory medications can help mitigate complaints, while rest and fluid intake also contribute to faster recovery.

Differentiating Between Allergic and Viral Rhinitis

Differentiating between the symptoms of allergic and viral rhinitis is not always a straightforward task, as many complaints overlap. In allergic rhinitis, symptoms are much more closely related to exposure to the allergen, while viral rhinitis typically appears a few days after infection. Allergic reactions occur immediately, whereas symptoms of a cold develop gradually.

The duration of complaints is also an important consideration: while viral rhinitis usually resolves within a few days, symptoms of chronic allergic rhinitis may persist year-round. If symptoms do not improve after two weeks, it is advisable to see a doctor, as this may indicate an allergic reaction.

Medical history and allergy tests can assist in establishing a diagnosis, identifying the allergens involved. The most common allergens include pollens, dust mites, and animal dander. For appropriate treatment, it is crucial that patients informally gather information about their symptoms and note the conditions under which complaints arise.

Importance of Medical Examination

Medical examination is of paramount importance, as it helps in accurately diagnosing allergic reactions and viral illnesses. Appropriate medical treatment is essential for alleviating symptoms and addressing the underlying causes. During allergy tests, the doctor conducts various allergen tests to help identify the substances triggering the complaints.

It is important for patients to monitor the development of their symptoms, and if cold-related complaints persist, they should definitely seek specialist advice. Treatment for allergic rhinitis typically involves antihistamines, which reduce inflammation and unpleasant symptoms. For prevention, patients should avoid sources of allergens and seek advice from an allergist if necessary.

Although the common cold and allergic rhinitis rarely cause serious complications, persistent complaints may indicate more serious underlying issues. If symptoms do not improve, or if new complaints arise, it is advisable to consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.