Arthroscopic Surgery: Preparation and Procedure

The health of the joints is extremely important for daily life, as they are fundamental elements of movement. Disorders in joint function can lead to numerous problems, affecting the quality of life of patients. Medicine is continuously evolving, and one of the latest techniques is arthroscopy, which helps diagnose and treat joint diseases.

Applications of Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy, which refers to the visualization of joints, can be applied to various joints such as the knee, shoulder, elbow, hand, and ankle. During the procedure, the surgeon makes a small incision in the skin and then places an endoscope into the joint, allowing for real-time imaging of its internal condition. Diagnostic arthroscopy is becoming less common as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used to produce detailed images of the joints.

Therapeutic arthroscopy, on the other hand, is widely used, especially for the reconstruction of knee ligaments or the treatment of meniscus injuries. This procedure typically occurs when immediate treatment of the problem is necessary, in addition to assessing the condition of the joint. During arthroscopy, specialists can also treat synovitis, cartilage damage, and other joint issues. Therefore, the procedure serves not only a diagnostic purpose but also a therapeutic one.

Preparation for Arthroscopy

Preparing the patient for arthroscopy is a crucial step for a successful procedure. Before the surgery, the patient must arrive fasting, meaning they should not eat or drink anything, including alcohol and smoking, on the day of the operation. Before the procedure, the doctor needs to be informed if the patient has any infections, such as a cold, even with the smallest symptoms. Hair around the affected joint must also be removed to ensure a smooth operation.

It is important for the patient to have mobility aids, such as crutches or walkers, if necessary, and this should be arranged before the surgery. After the procedure, the patient may need assistance, so it is advisable to have a companion.

The Process of Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy is typically performed on an outpatient basis and can be done under general anesthesia or local anesthesia, depending on the medical team’s decision. Before the procedure, the doctor may compress the blood vessels around the affected joint with a cuff to prevent bleeding, although this is not always necessary. To prevent blood clotting, the patient may also receive anticoagulant medication.

During the surgery, the surgeon makes a small incision in the skin and then fills the joint space with sterile fluid or carbon dioxide gas. The endoscope is then inserted, allowing the surgeon to monitor the condition of the joint in real-time on a screen. If the examination reveals that surgical intervention is necessary, the surgeon will perform the required repairs using additional instruments.

At the end of the surgery, a drain is often placed to help remove fluid, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative swelling.

Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation

The postoperative period is particularly important for the patient. To reduce pain, it is recommended to ice, rest, and elevate the affected joint. The patient should consult their doctor about the need for painkillers and the appropriate medications. Especially in the case of knee or ankle injuries, crutches are often needed to assist with movement.

On the day of the operation and for several days afterward, a medical follow-up examination will take place to monitor the healing process. To ensure the earliest possible rehabilitation of the joint, it is important for the patient to participate in physical therapy, which occurs under professional supervision. Special attention should be paid to muscle strengthening, particularly for the knee and shoulder joints, as this contributes to stabilizing the joint.

Benefits and Risks of Arthroscopy

Arthroscopy has numerous advantages over traditional open surgical procedures. Patients generally experience less pain during the procedure, and the recovery time is significantly shortened. Due to its minimally invasive nature, the joint becomes movable again more quickly. The decision of the doctors depends on whether arthroscopy or another surgical solution is the most appropriate for the specific case.

Although arthroscopy is generally safe, it carries some risks. Rarely, joint infections may occur, and bleeding may happen during the procedure. Swelling is also possible, especially if a drain is not placed. A slow rate of wound healing may occur, and the risk of bleeding disorders may increase after knee arthroscopy.

The causes and treatment of joint pain is a complex task that requires the guidance of specialists. Joint issues may not only stem from problems within the joints but also from other factors. Distinguishing between inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases is essential for developing an appropriate treatment plan. Therefore, arthroscopy serves not only a diagnostic purpose but also a therapeutic one, contributing to the improvement of patients’ quality of life.