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Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)
The health and function of the heart play a crucial role in the quality of human life. With the continuous advancement of medicine, the methods for assessing and diagnosing the condition of the heart are becoming increasingly sophisticated. One of the most widespread and reliable procedures is echocardiography, which aids in the detailed understanding of the heart and large vessels’ condition. Types of Echocardiography There are two main types of echocardiography: transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). TTE is the most common and widely used method, where the examination is performed through the chest. This non-invasive procedure allows for detailed observation of the heart and large vessels without requiring…
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The disease of thalassemia
The hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, plays a crucial role in the body’s oxygen supply. The level and function of hemoglobin are key to ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen, as any disruption in hemoglobin formation can lead to anemia and hypoxic conditions. The macromolecules that make up hemoglobin have a complex structure, which includes a heme ring containing iron and four globin chains, two of which are alpha and two are non-alpha isoforms. Among the disorders of hemoglobin formation, thalassemia plays a prominent role, a group of hereditary diseases that affect the globin chain of hemoglobin. This disease complicates the normal production of hemoglobin, leading to…
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Active Bladder: How to Communicate About the Issue with Your Partner?
A urinary retention issues, such as overactive bladder syndrome, complicate the lives of many women, especially those who have already surpassed the age of 18. This phenomenon is quite common among women, as statistics show that 25% of adult women have experienced urinary leakage. The situation can be particularly concerning for men and women over 40, who often face the uncomfortable feeling of frequent urges to urinate. Such problems often stigmatize those who suffer from them, and many feel that they bear this burden alone. Overactive bladder syndrome not only causes physical discomfort but can also have psychological consequences. Affected individuals often avoid situations and events where they may not…
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Earache after swimming: medical assistance needed
The number of patients seeking medical help for ear pain significantly increases during the summer months. This phenomenon is often observed during seaside vacations when children play in the water for long hours. However, while having fun, it is easy for water to enter the ear, which can lead to the colonization of various pathogens and cause ear canal inflammation. During the summer months, both adults and children are equally exposed to ear problems, and if the pain persists, it is advisable to consult a specialist. Ear pain is often caused by ear canal inflammation, which doctors can alleviate with local treatment, such as the application of ear drops. The…
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The function of the placenta
A crucial role of the placenta during pregnancy is essential for the development of the fetus. This special organ, which connects the mother and the growing child, performs numerous functions, and although science has already discovered much about it, mysteries still surround it. The placenta delivers vital nutrients and oxygen to the fetus while removing carbon dioxide and other waste products. In addition, it produces hormones that help maintain the pregnancy. The functioning and health of the placenta fundamentally influence fetal development and the processes surrounding birth. The formation of the placenta in early pregnancy In the early stages of pregnancy, the process of placenta formation is incredibly exciting. The…
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The properties of urine may indicate disease
The condition of urine can reveal a lot about our health. In medical practice, urine analysis has long been used as a method for diagnosing various diseases. The color, smell, and other physical properties of urine can indicate a wide range of health issues, whether they are urological or of another nature. In the past, doctors tried to determine a patient’s condition by observing, smelling, and tasting urine, but today, modern diagnostic procedures are much more precise and convenient. Methods of Urine Analysis There are various methods available for urine testing, aimed at identifying different health conditions. The physical and chemical examination of urine can aid not only in the…
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Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) – The disease and its signs
The scleroderma is a rare but serious autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and threatens the function of internal organs in addition to skin lesions. The development of the disease is insidious and is often detected late, as symptoms appear gradually. Scleroderma Awareness Day serves to draw attention to this disease and to strengthen collaboration between society and healthcare professionals. Scleroderma not only causes skin problems but can also severely affect the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, heart, and kidneys. The disease is characterized by excessive activity of connective tissue cells, known as fibroblasts, leading to a significant increase in collagen production. This process can lead to various organ lesions, which…
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Human Retina Created in an Artificial Environment
The retina is an organ that plays a crucial role in vision, responsible for the detection of light and the initial steps of processing visual information through nerve tissue. The functioning of the retina is extremely complex and is not yet fully understood. The current knowledge of the scientific community is primarily based on animal experiments, but these results are often not directly applicable to the study of the human retina. The retina is a sensitive tissue that can quickly become damaged within minutes after being removed from the body if it is not provided with sufficient nutrients and oxygen. Therefore, it poses a challenge for researchers to conduct detailed…
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International Down Syndrome Day
The Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosome disorders, characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This genetic anomaly affects various physical and intellectual traits and has a significant impact on the lives of those affected. The World Down Syndrome Day is observed every year on March 21, raising awareness of the situation, rights, and opportunities of individuals with Down syndrome. Recognition of Down Syndrome The recognition of Down syndrome is made through a combination of clinical signs and genetic testing. Affected children typically live with moderate intellectual disability, characterized by an IQ of around 50. Although they face challenges in abstract thinking, many…
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Spondylosis – What Causes It and How Does It Develop?
The health of the spine plays a fundamental role in the functioning of the human body. However, over the years, the structure and function of the spine gradually change, leading to various health problems. The condition of the intervertebral discs is particularly important, as they provide the spine with flexibility and stability. During the aging of the discs, their elasticity decreases, and various changes can occur due to the load on the spine. During these processes, the protective mechanisms of the spinal column may also weaken, leading to pain and limited mobility. Therefore, the health of the spine affects not only physical activity but also the quality of everyday life.…
