Endocrine and Metabolism
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The impact of smoking on bone health
The relationship between smoking and bone health has long intrigued the scientific community. In recent decades, increasing research has highlighted that smoking not only severely affects the respiratory system but also has detrimental effects on bones. The consequences of smoking impact not only immediate health conditions but also the state of bones and the process of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a gradually developing disease that leads to the weakening of bones and increased brittleness. This phenomenon is particularly common in older age groups, resulting in significant mobility limitations and the need for ongoing assistance with daily activities. Research indicates that smokers face a significantly increased risk of bone fractures, attributed to…
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Articles on Cardiovascular Diseases – Page 18
The health of the heart is crucial for human life, as this organ is responsible for pumping blood that delivers oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body. The heart is protected by a sac-like structure called the pericardium, which consists of two layers. This envelope not only provides mechanical protection but also plays a role in the normal functioning of the heart. Inflammation of the pericardium, known as pericarditis, can pose serious health problems and can develop for various reasons. Pericarditis can cause a range of symptoms that complicate diagnosis. Patients often report chest pain, which can become particularly intense during breathing or coughing. In addition, the inflammatory…
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Hematocrit (HTC) – What information does it provide from the blood count?
The hematocrit test shows the proportion of red blood cells in the blood, which provides important information about the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. The measurement of hematocrit levels is part of a complete blood count and is essential for the joint evaluation of red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and values related to hemoglobin concentration. In medical practice, hematocrit levels are often used to diagnose various hematopoietic system problems, as well as to identify bleeding and anemic conditions. Normal hematocrit levels for men range from 41-53%, while for women, they range from 37-44%. These values should be assessed in comparison to the reference values of the local laboratory, and it is…
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The Nature of Parkinson’s Disease
The Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual degeneration of brain structures responsible for controlling movement. Medicine has recognized this condition for nearly two centuries, and research has significantly advanced since then, providing us with a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease. The development of Parkinson’s disease is a result of the interplay between both genetic and environmental factors. The three classic symptoms of the disease are slowness of movement, muscle rigidity, and tremors, which were also mentioned by the first describer, James Parkinson. In Parkinson’s disease, dopamine-producing nerve cells gradually die off, leading to a disruption in movement coordination. This process affects not only…
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Infections Caused by Bartonella
The Bartonella infections, also known as bartonellosis, are a group of complex diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the Bartonella genus. These infections are typically zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted from animals to humans. While the most well-known form is cat scratch fever, Bartonella bacteria can cause a variety of clinical symptoms, including neurological, cardiovascular, and dermatological manifestations. Due to the wide spectrum of effects of these infections, it is important to understand the biological characteristics of Bartonella bacteria, the modes of transmission, potential complications, and the challenges of diagnosis and treatment. The Biological Characteristics of Bartonella Bacteria The Bartonella genus includes Gram-negative bacteria, with more than 40 different species.…
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The Importance of Wound Care in Maintaining Situational Awareness and Balance Post-Surgery
A preservation of the integrity of the skin and subcutaneous tissues is extremely important, especially during surgical interventions. Wound healing is not only an aesthetic concern but fundamentally affects the functioning of various systems in the body, such as the balance system. Scar treatment plays a key role in the rehabilitation process after surgeries, helping patients regain their quality of life and mobility. During surgeries, injuries to the skin and connective tissues can be temporary, but they can have long-term effects on proprioceptive perception, which is responsible for sensing body position and movement. Proper scar treatment not only aids the healing process but also contributes to maintaining the patients’ sense…
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Relationship Crisis – The Psychologist’s Advice
Human relationships are complicated, and we often encounter situations that are difficult to interpret. Especially in romantic relationships, where we step into another person’s life with the expectation of love and intimacy, the reality may take a different direction. Mutual respect and the expression of love are extremely important, as they are the cornerstones of a healthy partnership. However, if a partner’s behavior, emotional support, or attentiveness does not meet expectations, the relationship can become a tense situation. It can be particularly challenging if a partner is unwilling to change their behavior, and we find this unacceptable. In such situations, it is important to be aware of our own feelings…
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CMV herpesvirus can also trigger high blood pressure
A herpesviruses, which affect a significant portion of the population, have primarily been known for their infectious diseases so far. However, recent research suggests that these viruses can also cause more serious health problems, such as the development of high blood pressure. These discoveries may open a new dimension in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. During the research, scientists noticed that herpesviruses, particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), cause inflammation in blood vessels, which can lead to high blood pressure in the long term. The presence of CMV in the bodies of a significant portion of adults indicates that it appears not only as an infectious disease but also as a serious…
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Sugary Foods and Vaginal Fungi – Medical Answers
The fungal infections, especially vaginal yeast infections, can greatly affect many women’s lives. These issues are not only accompanied by physical discomfort but also have psychological effects, as anxiety and feelings of shame often accompany the symptoms. Various factors can contribute to fungal infections, including diet, hygiene habits, and partner health. These infections usually result from an overgrowth of the Candida fungus, which is part of our normal gut flora but can proliferate abnormally under certain conditions. Therefore, women should consciously pay attention to their bodies’ signals, as fungal infections can occur sporadically but can also become persistent problems. To prevent and treat fungal infections, it is important for women…
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How Healthy Are Chemically Treated Fruits? Effects of Preservation and Artificial Ripening
A modern nutrition and food supply world, the global fruit trade is of extraordinary significance. The wide variety of fresh fruits arriving from different parts of the world is not only delicious but also presents numerous challenges for the food industry. The transportation of fruits involves long journeys during which they must maintain their freshness, flavor, and nutrients. These challenges are particularly important, as consumers expect fruits to preserve their original state as much as possible. The procedures and technologies used for storing and transporting fruits play a key role in maintaining quality and promoting safe consumption. To ensure the efficiency and safety of the food chain, many aspects of…
