Chemotherapy Treatment – Important Information

Chemotherapy is one of the most effective methods for treating cancer, during which patients are treated with drugs (cytostatics) aimed at destroying rapidly dividing cells. These drugs not only target cancer cells but can also adversely affect rapidly dividing cells found in normal tissues. Examples include hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, gastrointestinal mucosal cells, or skin cells. As a result, side effects from chemotherapy can occur, causing significant discomfort for patients.

Effectiveness of Chemotherapy

The effectiveness of chemotherapy can vary, as some cancer cells divide more slowly or possess characteristics that hinder the entry of cytostatics. The combined use of drugs with different mechanisms of action can help increase the effectiveness of treatment. The range of chemotherapy drugs is continuously expanding, providing new targeted methods for destroying cancer cells.

When and How is Chemotherapy Applied?

The application of chemotherapy depends on the type of tumor and the aim of the treatment. In some cases, chemotherapy can be a standalone treatment method. However, it is often used in combination with other therapies, such as surgical interventions or radiation therapy, to achieve maximum effectiveness. Chemotherapy can help reduce the size of the tumor, thus increasing the success of surgery. This is referred to as neoadjuvant treatment, which is cytostatic therapy administered before surgery.

The post-surgery treatment, adjuvant chemotherapy, aims to destroy any cancer cells that may remain in the body. The treatment plan is always tailored to the individual patient’s condition and the characteristics of the tumor. Cytostatics can also be used during radiation therapy to enhance its effectiveness. The timing and dosage of chemotherapy are strictly regulated to best fit the patient’s needs.

How is Cytostatic Administered to the Body?

There are several methods for administering chemotherapy drugs. The medications can be taken orally, intravenously, injected subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. Intravenous administration is the most common method, but the use of a small subcutaneously implanted reservoir (Port-A-Cath) is also widespread, allowing for the safe and comfortable delivery of medications. This procedure aims to minimize the risk of skin reactions after chemotherapy.

In special cases, such as with locally located tumors, intra-arterial chemotherapy may be applied. In this case, the drug is delivered into the blood vessel supplying the tumor for maximum effectiveness. When administering cytostatics into body cavities, local effects are also sought, which can be beneficial in treating superficial tumors.

Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Their Management

Although chemotherapy can be effective in destroying cancer cells, unfortunately, it also damages healthy cells, which can lead to various side effects. The most common symptoms include nausea and vomiting, which may occur after treatment. Additionally, the digestive system, skin, hair, and hematopoietic system may also be affected.

Digestive complaints, such as loss of appetite, diarrhea, or inflammation of the oral mucosa, are common. Due to the destruction of skin and hair cells, symptoms like dry skin, hair loss, and other skin issues may arise. Damage to hematopoietic cells can lead to anemia or increased susceptibility to infections. It is important for patients to inform their doctors of any uncomfortable symptoms during treatments so that they can receive appropriate care.

Various methods and medications are available to reduce side effects. In addition to medications that can alleviate nausea and vomiting, dietary changes can also help. Proper fluid replacement and adherence to dietary rules are recommended for managing diarrhea. To prevent hair loss, gentle handling of the hair and protection of the scalp are important.

Chemotherapy and Fertility

Chemotherapy drugs can also affect fertility in both men and women. In men, treatments may reduce the number of sperm and even damage them. Therefore, it is important for men to be aware of their options, such as sperm banking.

In women, the effects of chemotherapy drugs can also extend to hormone production in the ovaries, leading to menstrual disturbances. Various options are available before treatment for preserving eggs, such as cryopreservation. During and after chemotherapy, women should use contraception to minimize the risk of unwanted pregnancy.

Chemotherapy presents many challenges for patients, but with the right support and information, side effects can be managed, and the patient’s quality of life can be maximized.