Children’s Allergy to Pollen – When to Pay Attention and Why Treatment is Necessary?

Allergic diseases are becoming increasingly common these days, not only in adults but also in children. Respiratory allergies are particularly characteristic of the younger age groups, and even preschool-aged children can suffer from them. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for children to avoid complications and for their daily lives not to be affected by unpleasant symptoms.

Respiratory allergies can develop due to various allergens, such as pollen, house dust mites, or animal hair. Parents often find it difficult to distinguish allergic reactions from the common cold, which frequently occurs during the spring months. The appearance and duration of symptoms, as well as accompanying signs, help in making the correct diagnosis. Family history also plays an important role, as allergic predisposition can be inherited.

The aim of this article is to present the characteristics of allergic diseases, the process of diagnosis, and the treatment options that can help improve children’s conditions.

Allergy and Cold: The Differences

The symptoms of respiratory allergies and the common cold are often similar, but it is important for parents to know how to differentiate between them. Allergic reactions are generally longer-lasting, and symptoms persist continuously during the allergen’s blooming season. In contrast, the common cold usually resolves within a short time and is often accompanied by fever or mild temperature elevation.

Allergic children frequently experience sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes. These symptoms can appear as early as 3-4 years of age, whereas they were previously more characteristic after the age of 5. Family history plays an important role in recognizing allergic conditions: if allergies occur among parents, the child may also experience problems.

In the case of respiratory allergies, the triggers encompass a wide range. House dust mites, pollens, and pet hair can all be allergenic sources. The appearance and severity of allergic reactions can vary individually, so it is advisable to consult a specialist for an accurate diagnosis.

The Diagnosis Process in Childhood

If there is a suspicion of allergic disease, it is important for the child to undergo examination as soon as possible. To establish an accurate diagnosis, the specialist may conduct various tests to help identify the allergens. Skin tests and blood tests are the most common methods used to determine what substances the child is sensitive to.

For younger children who have not yet reached the age of 2, blood tests are generally used. In contrast, for older children and adults, skin tests are preferred, especially outside of pollen season. During the examinations, professionals take into account the child’s age, the severity of symptoms, and family history as well.

Establishing a diagnosis is not only essential for the correct treatment but also for preventing complications. Allergic conditions often intertwine, and in some cases, new allergens may appear over time alongside the initial one. Early recognition and appropriate treatment can help avoid more severe diseases, such as asthma.

Treatment Options

The treatment of allergic diseases requires a variety of approaches, with the most important step being the avoidance of allergens. Parents need to be aware that the best method for children is to minimize contact with allergens. This includes limiting outdoor time during pollen season, frequent hair washing, keeping windows closed while driving, and wearing sunglasses.

Daily nasal rinsing can also be an effective method that may reduce the amount of pollen reaching the mucous membranes. Additionally, the use of various nasal ointments can help prevent allergens from entering. If symptoms worsen, locally acting medications, such as antihistamines and eye drops, may also be necessary.

One of the most promising forms of treatment for allergic diseases is allergen-specific immunotherapy, which offers a long-term solution. With this method, children can achieve symptom-free periods during treatment, which can significantly improve their quality of life. However, immunotherapy can only be performed from the age of 5 and requires specialist supervision.

Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing children’s allergic symptoms. Parents should seek thorough information and consult specialists to achieve the best results.