CT Colonoscopy – The Examination Process and Characteristics of the Method

The colorectal cancer lesions represent a serious health problem worldwide, as these diseases are among the most common causes of death. Early detection is crucial, as tumors are often asymptomatic in their initial stages, and by the time symptoms appear, the disease may already be in an advanced state. The application of appropriate diagnostic procedures is essential for the timely detection of tumors, thereby increasing the chances of successful treatment.

The importance of colon examination lies not only in the early detection of tumors but also in utilizing prevention opportunities. The advancement of modern medical technologies has made it possible to use methods that can detect various changes in the colon, even before cancer develops. CT colonography is one of the most promising procedures, capable of diagnosing bowel diseases with minimal invasiveness and high sensitivity.

This examination method allows for the early diagnosis of not only tumors but also other bowel diseases, such as inflammatory conditions, thus playing a significant role in maintaining colon health.

The significance of colon examination

Colon and rectal tumors often develop unnoticed and do not cause symptoms until the disease reaches an advanced stage. Tumors in the early stage typically do not show specific symptoms, making their detection difficult. Abdominal pain, changes in stool, nausea, or bloating are common complaints that can often be attributed to other causes. Therefore, people often do not seek medical advice, which can delay necessary treatment and reduce survival chances.

Early detection of cancerous changes is thus vital. Regular screening tests provide the opportunity to detect changes in the colon even before malignant conditions develop. CT colonography is particularly effective during such screenings, as it can identify even the smallest changes, including those as small as 5 mm. By employing appropriate screening procedures, specialists can intervene in a timely manner, improving patients’ survival rates.

The significance of colon examination, therefore, lies not only in diagnosis but also in exploiting opportunities for prevention and early treatment. Modern medical procedures, such as CT colonography, contribute to the early detection of diseases, thereby helping to maintain patients’ health.

Advantages and disadvantages of CT colonography

CT colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is a modern imaging procedure used for examining the colon. This method is non-invasive and significantly differs from traditional colonoscopy, which employs an endoscopic instrument. During CT colonography, the walls of the bowel are depicted using a CT scanner, allowing for detailed observation of bowel changes.

One of the greatest advantages of this procedure is that it involves minimal discomfort. Many people are apprehensive about traditional colonoscopy, mainly due to sedation and its invasive nature. In contrast, CT colonography can be performed while the patient is awake, and patients generally tolerate it much better. During the examination, not only the bowel wall is examined, but the condition of other abdominal organs can also be assessed.

The sensitivity of CT colonography is outstanding, as it can detect even the smallest changes, which is extremely important for early diagnosis. However, it is not without its drawbacks. The procedure involves the use of X-rays, which results in radiation exposure, and its frequent repetition is not recommended. Additionally, it cannot identify polyps smaller than 0.5 cm, which may limit the diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional colonoscopy.

As a diagnostic method, CT colonography is not suitable for histological sampling, so if suspicious changes are detected, traditional colonoscopy may be necessary for accurate diagnosis. Thus, while it is an excellent screening method, it cannot replace traditional procedures in cases of suspected disease due to certain limitations.

How is the CT colonography examination performed?

The preparation for CT colonography is similar to that for traditional colonoscopy, and the patients’ diet must be carefully planned before the examination. In the days leading up to the examination, patients may consume low-fiber, soft foods, while only liquids are recommended on the day before the examination. Following this, a bowel cleansing solution is necessary to ensure the bowel is clean for the examination.

During the examination, the bowel walls are relaxed with a muscle relaxant injection, followed by the inflation of the colon with air. This step is generally comfortable for the patient, and the discomfort is minimal. During the CT scan, the patient lies in various positions, and they may be asked to hold their breath while images are taken.

The examination takes about 15-20 minutes, after which the patient can resume their daily activities. Any bloating caused by the air inflation in the bowel will gradually subside. The analysis of the results is done by specialists, and the results are typically available within a few days. If suspicious changes are found during the examination, further tests are necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Who is CT colonography recommended for?

CT colonography is recommended for patients who are asymptomatic but have risk factors, as well as for those who are already experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, it is advisable to undergo the examination at least once after the age of 50, as the risk of colorectal cancer increases with age.

This examination method can be particularly useful in cases where traditional colonoscopy cannot be performed or poses risks to the patient. For example, due to anatomical variations, if the endoscopic instrument cannot pass properly, or if there is a risk of bleeding due to the patient’s bleeding tendency.

However, it is important to note that while CT colonography has many advantages as a screening test, it cannot replace traditional colonoscopy for diagnostic purposes. Radiation exposure must also be considered, and the examination is not recommended during pregnancy. The combination of CT colonography and traditional colonoscopy may provide the best solution for protecting colon health.