Decreasing, Breaking? Protect Yourself Against Osteoporosis!

Osteoporosis is a disease that often shows no symptoms for a long time; however, screening and treatment options are available even in the early stages. Rheumatology experts emphasize that with appropriate therapies and lifestyle changes, the quality of life for those affected can be significantly improved. Bones are continuously changing, building up and breaking down, with about 10% of bone mass being renewed each year. In a healthy bone metabolism, this process is balanced, but if breakdown predominates, osteoporosis can develop.

Osteoporosis not only causes a decrease in bone mass but also alters the structure of the bones, making them more fragile. In Hungary, it is estimated that many people suffer from this disease, making regular osteoporosis screenings extremely important for those over 50 years old. Early diagnosis plays a significant role since osteoporosis often only becomes apparent after a fracture. Vertebral fractures and hip fractures significantly increase the risk of mortality, making prevention and treatment crucial.

Causes and Risk Factors of Osteoporosis

The causes of osteoporosis can be diverse but can be fundamentally divided into two types: primary and secondary osteoporosis. In primary osteoporosis, the causes are unknown, but there are various subtypes, such as juvenile, postmenopausal, and male osteoporosis. In contrast, secondary osteoporosis can develop as a consequence of various diseases, such as thyroid or kidney diseases, inflammatory rheumatological conditions, and the use of certain medications, such as steroids.

The risk factors for osteoporosis can be categorized into two groups: modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Non-modifiable factors include genetics, age, and sex. Conversely, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, and a sedentary lifestyle can all contribute to the development of the disease. Changing one’s lifestyle and ensuring proper nutrition, such as increasing calcium and vitamin D intake, can help reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

Diagnosis and Screening of Osteoporosis

The diagnosis of osteoporosis typically involves several steps aimed at thoroughly assessing the condition of the bones. The first step is an X-ray examination of the bone structure, which helps identify any abnormalities and fractures. This is followed by a bone density measurement, which aims to determine the mineral content of the bones. Additionally, laboratory tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Screening is exceptionally important since osteoporosis is often asymptomatic and often only becomes evident in cases of fractures. Vertebral fractures and hip fractures can have serious consequences and significantly increase the risk of mortality. During screening, specialists can identify risk factors that help plan effective prevention and treatment. It is essential for those affected to understand that prevention and early diagnosis can be life-saving.

Treatment Options for Osteoporosis

The treatment of osteoporosis encompasses two main approaches: pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. In pharmacological treatment, rheumatology specialists can choose from a wide range of appropriate medications. There are medications that can be taken weekly or monthly, as well as injectable forms of active ingredients that can be administered at various intervals, such as daily, monthly, or even yearly infusions.

Non-pharmacological treatment is also crucial, as patients must be aware of the significance of lifestyle changes. Proper nutrition, regular exercise, and the establishment of healthy habits are fundamental in managing osteoporosis. Experts emphasize that patients should actively participate in protecting their health and also focus on prevention.

The treatment of osteoporosis is a complex task that requires the cooperation of patients and continuous support from specialists. Through appropriate therapy and lifestyle changes, the quality of life for patients can significantly improve, making it important for everyone affected to pay attention to their bone health.