Eosinophils

Eosinophilic granulocytes, which are part of the white blood cells, play an important role in the functioning of the human immune system. These cells are produced in the bone marrow and, upon completion of their maturation, enter the bloodstream. Their primary function lies in defending against allergic reactions and certain infections. They are most commonly found in mucous membranes, where they provide protection against potential pathogens.

The normal level of eosinophilic granulocytes in the blood falls within a defined range, which is an important indicator of the body’s health status. These cells are not only involved in inflammatory processes but are also key players during allergic reactions, meaning that an increase or decrease in their numbers may indicate various health issues.

Eosinophilia: Problems with Elevated Eosinophilic Granulocytes

Eosinophilia refers to a condition where the number of eosinophilic granulocytes in the blood exceeds the normal value. This phenomenon typically shows a mild increase, but if the number significantly rises, it may indicate more serious health problems. The most common cause of eosinophilia is allergic reactions, during which the body reacts hypersensitively to certain substances.

In addition to allergic reactions, eosinophilia can also be caused by medications, such as allergic reactions to penicillin. It is also common in cases of fungal and parasitic infections, such as helminthiasis, where the body’s defense mechanisms are activated. Certain infectious diseases, including various viruses and bacteria, can also contribute to an increase in eosinophil counts.

Furthermore, autoimmune diseases and certain dermatological issues, such as eczema or dermatitis, typically elevate eosinophil levels. Additionally, hematological tumors have been linked to eosinophilia. There are also cases where the cause of high eosinophil counts cannot be determined; in such instances, it is referred to as idiopathic hypereosinophilia, which requires further investigation.

Low Eosinophilic Granulocytes: When and Why Do They Occur?

Low eosinophil counts are rarely encountered, but it is important to understand the underlying causes in such cases. Low eosinophil levels most commonly occur in stressful situations, when the body responds by reducing the number of these cells. According to medical opinion, low eosinophil values do not pose significant problems, as the rest of the immune system can partially compensate for the function of granulocytes.

In laboratory tests, it is common for eosinophil values to be low, but this does not necessarily indicate a health risk. When eosinophil counts fall below the normal range, other protective mechanisms in the body, such as other types of white blood cells, can help maintain the immune response. Therefore, a low eosinophil count does not necessarily mean that the body is defenseless against infections.

The role of eosinophilic granulocytes in the body’s immune response is thus complex. Understanding their normal levels and recognizing potential deviations is crucial for establishing the correct diagnosis and developing a treatment plan. Clarifying the terms and values encountered in laboratory tests is essential for making accurate medical decisions.