Fundamentals of Vaginal Flora

The world of bacteria often focuses only on infections and inflammations, but there are numerous nuances in nature. Bacteria are not just harmful pathogens; in many cases, they are essential for a healthy life. Beneficial bacteria can be found in various parts of our body, such as the gut, oral cavity, and vagina, contributing to proper functioning.

These microorganisms help maintain the body’s balance and play a fundamentally important role in the functioning of the immune system. The balance of the gut flora and vaginal flora is particularly crucial, as these areas are prone to various disturbances that can adversely affect health. The composition and quantity of the vaginal flora continuously change, reflecting hormonal status and changes that occur with aging.

These factors influence the state of the normal flora, and various environmental effects can also play a role in disrupting the balance of bacteria. Therefore, maintaining the vaginal flora is not only important for women’s health but is also crucial for overall quality of life.

The Normal Flora of the Vagina

The normal flora of the vagina is a complex ecosystem where various types of bacteria coexist. In healthy women, Lactobacilli, also known as Döderlein bacilli, play a prominent role in vaginal secretions. These bacteria provide an acidic environment that prevents the proliferation of infectious pathogens. Thus, Lactobacilli offer protection against various infections, as pathogenic bacteria cannot thrive in an acidic pH environment.

The composition and quantity of the vaginal flora can differ among women of different ages. Before puberty, there are no bacteria in the vagina; however, during hormonal changes, such as menstruation or pregnancy, the number and types of bacteria change. In addition to hormonal effects, contraceptive methods, the intensity of sexual activity, and environmental factors also influence the state of the vaginal flora.

To maintain normal flora, proper hygiene is essential, as gentle cleansing and the use of appropriate products can contribute to vaginal health. A clean and healthy vaginal flora allows the body to effectively defend against external pathogens, while disharmony can adversely affect health.

Disruption of the Vaginal Flora Balance and Its Consequences

The disruption of the vaginal flora balance can occur for various reasons and can have serious consequences. A decrease in Lactobacilli and an increase in pH levels create a favorable environment for harmful bacteria. The most common cause is medication, particularly the use of antibiotics, which do not differentiate between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotics can destroy the beneficial microorganisms that form the basis of the normal flora.

Moreover, excessive vaginal douching or the use of intimate washes can also contribute to the disruption of normal flora. Such interventions can wash away beneficial bacteria and allow harmful bacteria to proliferate.

The use of various cosmetic products, such as scented soaps, shower gels, and body lotions, can also disturb the vaginal flora. When the normal flora is disrupted, women may experience various complaints, such as itching, excessive discharge, or unpleasant odor. Fungal infections are also a common consequence of disturbances in the vaginal flora, and it is not uncommon for these to occur while taking contraceptive pills.

If you notice the above symptoms, it is advisable to consult a gynecologist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, or fungal infections are all reversible problems if medical assistance is sought in a timely manner.

Restoring the Vaginal Flora

To restore the vaginal flora, various therapeutic products are available that can help return it to its normal state. Over-the-counter lactic acid-containing irrigation solutions, vaginal suppositories, and tablets, as well as products containing Lactobacilli, can be found in pharmacies. These products are particularly recommended for use after treating vaginitis to support the regeneration of the flora.

Lactobacillus-containing vaginal tablets should be stored in the refrigerator, as they contain live bacteria, and their effectiveness can be affected by temperature. These products can help maintain overall vaginal hygiene, but it is important to emphasize that medical consultation is necessary for targeted treatment in case of any infection.

Regular and careful cleansing is essential for preserving the vaginal flora. It is advisable to avoid tight, synthetic underwear and excessive vaginal douching, as these can have the opposite effect. If you experience abnormal vaginal discharge, it is wise to avoid using tampons and consider that your partner may also need treatment to avoid reinfection.

It is crucial for women to pay attention to their bodies’ signals and to seek their gynecologist’s advice if they experience the following symptoms: warty lesions on the vulva or around the vaginal opening, pain during intercourse, discomfort during urination, or unusual colored or foul-smelling, excessive vaginal discharge. Prevention and proper treatment are key to women’s health, so it is essential to heed our body’s signals and take them seriously.