Hair Dye Allergy – Which Component is Responsible?

The use of hair dyes is an essential part of beauty care for many women. A new hairstyle or color often symbolizes a new beginning, providing an opportunity for renewal. However, the application of hair dyes is not always without risks. Allergic reactions, such as itching, burning sensations, red rashes, or even hair loss, can occur in many cases. These symptoms can appear not only when trying new products but also when using dyes that have been used for years. Proper investigation can help prevent future problems.

Today’s hair dyes contain many compounds that can cause allergic reactions, so users should always choose carefully. Allergic skin reactions not only cause aesthetic problems but also pose serious health risks, making attention and caution important.

Hair Dyes and Allergic Reactions

The allergic symptoms experienced during the use of hair dyes encompass a wide range. Itching, burning sensations, red rashes, and hair loss are all signs that the components of the hair dye are irritating the skin or triggering an allergic reaction. According to data mentioned by Dr. Edina Garaczi, a dermatologist and allergologist, the mix of ammonia and peroxide commonly used in older hair dyes was the main culprit, but today PPD (paraphenylenediamine) and PTD (toluene-2,5-diamine) cause most complaints.

Allergic reactions can occur during the use of hair dyes, eyelash dyes, and hairdressing products. The skin, especially on the face and scalp, is a sensitive area that can easily react to various chemicals. In more severe cases, not only skin rashes but also breathing difficulties and facial swelling may occur, which may require medical intervention.

Products used in salons can also carry risks, so it is advisable to inquire about the materials used and any potential allergenic components. Proper information, adherence to professional recommendations, and conducting a skin test can help minimize risks.

Components Containing Allergens

Many allergenic substances are present among the components of hair dyes, including amines, ammonium salts, and various phenols. The most common compounds that trigger allergies are PPD and PTD, which are used for color retention. Black henna also contains PPD, responsible for the dark color.

Ammonium salts, found not only in hair dyes but also in perm solutions, can also trigger allergic reactions. Thioglycolic acid, commonly used for permanent waves, is also a potentially allergenic substance. Aminophenols found in hair dyes, such as p-aminophenol and m-aminophenol, are also common allergenic components that can cause cross-allergies.

If an allergic reaction occurs, it is important for those affected to be aware of which components are causing the problem. Knowing the allergenic substances can help avoid future exposures, thereby reducing the likelihood of unpleasant symptoms.

The Investigation Process

If a hair dye or hairdressing product triggers an allergic reaction, investigation is an essential step in resolving the problems. Allergologists identify the triggers using a patch test (epicutaneous test). In this test, standardized substances are placed on the patient’s back using a skin-friendly adhesive patch. The first evaluation takes place 48 hours after the patches are removed, with the final reading occurring 72 hours later.

This process allows for an accurate diagnosis. The skin test reveals which components triggered the reaction, enabling the patient to avoid allergenic substances in future product choices. Professionals recommend that after the test, patients always inquire about the components of the hair dyes used and, if possible, choose products that are free from the substances that cause them problems.

What to Do in Case of Allergic Symptoms?

If allergic symptoms occur after using hair dye, it is important to consult a specialist. The treatment of acute symptoms depends on the severity of the allergy. Generally, antihistamines and steroid medications can help alleviate complaints. After the allergic reactions subside, it is not advisable to immediately try a new hair dye. First, a skin test is necessary to identify the components responsible for the symptoms.

Subsequently, the patient can choose a hair dye that does not contain the allergenic substances or similar compounds that may cause cross-allergies. It is important to always test the new hair dye on a small area before full application to avoid unwanted reactions.

The development of allergies to chemicals can occur not only with hair dyes but also with other cosmetic products, such as face creams and body lotions. The burden on the immune system and the high concentration of chemicals can contribute to the development of sensitivity, so it is advisable to pay attention to the reactions of our skin and seek the help of a specialist if any unpleasant symptoms arise.