Neutrophil cells

The neutrophil granulocytes are a type of granulocyte found in the blood and lymphatic system, playing a key role in the body’s immune response. These cells belong to the group of white blood cells and are crucial in defending against pathogens. Neutrophils can be easily identified during microscopic examinations due to their characteristic staining, which helps professionals diagnose various immunological conditions.

These granulocytes constitute about two-thirds of the white blood cells and primarily play a role in defense against bacteria. Their tasks include engulfing and breaking down pathogens, as well as releasing toxic substances that aid in the destruction of these pathogens. The normal values of neutrophil granulocytes can be determined from venous blood, and their proper functioning is essential for maintaining the health of the organism.

The normal range of neutrophil granulocytes

The normal number of neutrophil granulocytes can be determined from venous blood samples. The healthy range generally falls between 40-74%, which corresponds to approximately 1.9-8.0 G/L or 1900-8000/µl. If the number of neutrophil granulocytes drops below 1900/µl, it is referred to as neutropenia, which reduces the body’s ability to defend against infections. The severity of neutropenia correlates with the decrease in neutrophil counts: mild cases range from 1000-1900/µl, moderate cases from 500-1000/µl, and severe neutropenia is defined as a count falling below 500/µl.

Various factors can cause a decrease in the number of neutrophil granulocytes. The most common observation of decrease occurs in viral infections, which may be accompanied by an increase in lymphocyte counts. Since neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow, any damage affecting the bone marrow can reduce the number of neutrophil granulocytes. Adverse effects caused by chemicals or radiation, as well as certain medications, can also contribute to the development of neutropenia. Additionally, diseases affecting the bone marrow and congenital immunodeficiencies can cause a decrease in the number of neutrophil granulocytes.

Factors and consequences leading to neutropenia

There are numerous causes behind neutropenia. The most common scenario is a decrease in neutrophil counts due to infections, as the body intensively uses these cells to combat pathogens. Additionally, autoimmune diseases may be responsible for the increased destruction of neutrophils, as the immune system may mistakenly attack its own cells.

As a consequence of neutropenia, the body is at an increased risk of infections, which can be particularly dangerous since neutrophils play a key role in defending against bacteria and other pathogens. When the level of neutrophil granulocytes is low, the patient is more likely to suffer from various infections, which can even be life-threatening. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of neutropenia are extremely important to ensure that patients’ immune systems can function properly.

Causes of increased neutrophil counts

Neutrophilia is described when the number of neutrophil granulocytes exceeds 8000/µl. There are also numerous causes behind an elevated neutrophil count. The most common trigger is the increased production of neutrophil granulocytes in the bone marrow, which is often observed in infections, particularly bacterial inflammations. Significant increases are also seen in leukemia, but the use of corticosteroids, states of oxygen deficiency, and various toxicities can also contribute to the rise in neutrophils.

It is important to note that an increase in neutrophil counts does not always indicate a pathological condition. Physiological neutrophilia can be observed in newborns, pregnant women, or in stressful situations. The degree of increase plays a key role in diagnosis, as a minor elevation often does not signify a serious problem. Monitoring the changes in neutrophil counts during medical examinations is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.