Oral Thrush: Symptoms and Prevention Options

The oral thrush, which most commonly affects infants and young children, is a fungal infection that develops inside the mouth. Its causative agent is most often Candida albicans, although other Candida species may also occur. This fungus is naturally found in various parts of the body, such as the intestines, vagina, and mouth.

Causes of Oral Thrush

The background of oral thrush is usually related to a weak immune system, which is particularly noticeable in infants, as their immune responses are still developing. The infection often occurs during vaginal birth, but it can also happen in older children, although this is rarer. The use of antibiotics can also contribute to the development of the fungal infection, as these medications disrupt the balance of gut flora, allowing the Candida fungus to proliferate.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Oral Thrush

The signs of oral thrush are easily noticeable, and parents should pay attention to the following symptoms. One of the most characteristic signs is the appearance of white or yellowish-white spots on the mucous membranes of the mouth, including the tongue, gums, and the inner cheek. These spots may be accompanied by redness and possibly slight bleeding after being wiped away.

During breastfeeding or feeding, the infant may often be fussy, turn their head away, refuse to suck, or eat painfully. Older children can express that swallowing is painful, and there is often an unpleasant taste in their mouth. In such cases, a medical diagnosis is essential, as only a specialist can prescribe the appropriate treatment. Typically, the use of nystatin oral suspension is recommended during treatment.

It is important to note that the use of borax oral suspension has been discontinued, as its absorption in the oral mucosa can cause toxic effects, and thus it is not recommended even in frequent or stubborn cases.

Treatment and Prevention Options for Oral Thrush

In treating oral thrush, alongside the medications recommended by the doctor, prevention is also of paramount importance. For breastfeeding mothers, it is advisable to avoid cracked nipples. Before breastfeeding, hands and breasts should be thoroughly washed, ensuring that borax water is not used. After breastfeeding, it is essential to dry the nipples and protect the skin with creams that do not contain lanolin, which have anti-inflammatory properties.

When it comes to bras, ensure they are made of cotton and, if possible, wash and iron fabrics that come into contact with the child at high temperatures. Regular hand washing for the child, as well as regular disinfection of toys, pacifiers, and bottles, is also crucial in preventing infection.

During breastfeeding, if it is necessary to pump breast milk, the pumping equipment should be thoroughly cleaned, especially the parts that come into contact with the breast and the milk. A simple and effective method of disinfection is traditional boiling, which is the most cost-effective solution. Experts at milk collection stations also recommend this method, as its effectiveness is proven.

Thus, the treatment and prevention of oral thrush involve not only the use of medications but also adherence to proper hygiene measures that can help prevent infection and maintain the child’s health.