Overview of ENG and EMG Tests

The electrophysiological methods play a prominent role in neurological examinations, helping to understand the functioning of the nervous system and various pathological conditions. The examination of nerve and muscle function is essential not only for professionals but also for the diagnosis of patients. These tests allow for the identification of neurological disorders, accurate diagnosis of conditions, and the determination of appropriate treatment options.

Investigation of the neuromuscular system

During the investigation of the neuromuscular system, measuring the conduction velocity of nerves and the activity of motor units provides fundamental information for professionals. The assessment of the state of nerves and the associated muscles is carried out using various methods, which directly influence the accuracy of the diagnosis. Analyzing the data obtained during the examinations helps in recognizing neurological diseases such as nerve injuries and muscular dystrophies, thereby supporting effective treatment processes.

Role of ENG examination in neurological diagnostics

The ENG (electroneurography) examination provides information about the conduction velocity of nerves and the magnitude of the stimulus. The method is based on conducting current along the nerves, which stimulates the nerve, and observing the movement of muscles or muscle groups with electrodes placed on the skin. From the data obtained, the specialist can infer pathological changes and neurological problems.

During the examination, the stimulation of motor nerves occurs via electrical impulses. As a consequence of the stimulation, the muscle movement, which is clearly visible, is a response to the stimulus conveyed by the nerve. The conduction velocity of nerves normally ranges between 40-60 meters/second, but this depends on several factors, including the type of nerve, the patient’s age, and the skin temperature.

With the help of the ENG examination, various conditions can be diagnosed, such as traumatic nerve injuries, nerve compressions, damage to spinal nerves, motor neuron diseases, and myasthenia gravis. Accurate identification of these conditions is crucial for selecting the appropriate treatment, and the ENG examination is often essential in the diagnostic process.

Importance of EMG examination in muscle diagnostics

The EMG (electromyography) examination analyzes the electrical activity of muscles, particularly skeletal muscles that can be voluntarily controlled. During the EMG, the functioning of motor units, which consist of muscle cells and motor neurons, is examined. By observing the electrical signals generated during muscle movement, professionals can assess the condition of the muscle and identify possible abnormalities.

During the examination, the electrical activity of muscle cells is recorded using needle electrodes or surface electrodes. By tracking the electrical changes that occur during muscle movement, professionals can diagnose various muscle diseases, such as myopathies, muscle problems resulting from metabolic diseases, or muscle atrophy.

Analyzing the data obtained during the EMG examination is essential for the differential diagnosis of neuromuscular conditions. The combined application of ENG and EMG examinations allows for a more precise understanding of the relationship between motor neurons and muscles, as well as the localization of pathological processes. The significance of these examinations is outstanding in diagnosing peripheral nervous system diseases, as they help in distinguishing nerve injuries and muscle problems.

The ENG and EMG examinations are indispensable tools in neurological diagnostics and are crucial for the accurate identification of diseases, thereby contributing to the development of effective treatment plans and the improvement of patients’ quality of life.