Polyps in the Colon – Early Screening is Important!

A colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer; however, delays in diagnosis are still common. Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in our country, which serves as a warning sign for health authorities. Colonoscopy, also known as colonic endoscopy, is not only important for screening but also provides the opportunity to remove polyps and take tissue samples, which can assist in diagnosis.

The question, however, is why potential patients do not consider this examination necessary? Why do statistics show alarming trends? Awareness of colorectal diseases, the importance of screening, and knowledge of appropriate treatment options can fundamentally contribute to improving the situation.

Interest in colonoscopy is growing, but many still fear the procedure. Dr. Alajos Takáts, a gastroenterologist and head of the largest private gastroenterology network in the country, points out that while many understand the importance of screening, fear of the examination often holds them back.

Why is screening important?

Screening is essential because colorectal diseases, such as polyps or tumors, are often asymptomatic or only cause complaints in later stages. Changes in stool, such as variations in consistency or color, as well as changes in bowel habits, can be warning signs. Abdominal pain or fatigue are also symptoms that may raise suspicion. Dr. Takáts emphasizes that timely screening is crucial, as the removal of polyps discovered in early stages can prevent the development of cancer.

The free stool blood test, organized for over five years, is also a useful starting point for examinations. So far, nearly five thousand patients have been screened, and the rate of positive results is around 10%. This test reveals not only visible bleeding but also hidden bleeding without noticeable symptoms. In European countries, screening recommendations begin between the ages of 45-50, but if there is a family history, screening is advised earlier to prevent more serious problems.

The process and benefits of colonoscopy

The colonoscopy process usually begins with a referral that can be requested at an internal medicine outpatient clinic. In state institutions, a waiting time of 2-3 months is typically expected. Before the procedure, patients must follow a three-day low-fiber diet for bowel cleansing.

During the examination, the specialist inserts a flexible instrument about 170 centimeters long through the anus into the colon, allowing for a detailed inspection of the intestinal wall. The examination lasts 15-30 minutes, and if necessary, air or water may be introduced into the colon for better visibility. The doctor can provide immediate results during the procedure, but if a tissue sample is taken, the evaluation of the results may take a few days.

Early detection and the removal of polyps can significantly reduce the risk of developing cancer. Those who are asymptomatic and have small polyps found during the examination typically need to repeat the screening every 1-3 years.

The issue of anesthesia and polyp treatment

The question of anesthesia during colonoscopy sparks significant debate. Some state hospitals anesthetize patients, while in other places, this is not customary. Often, the costs of anesthesia must be borne by the family, or the examination is performed without anesthesia. For the sake of patient safety, many choose private practices, even if this involves extra costs.

There are also differences in the practice of polyp removal. Larger polyps are generally not removed in private practices that do not have inpatient care. Dr. Alajos Takáts emphasizes the need for a uniform protocol during treatment, as every patient has the right to pain relief. The use of anesthetics is now subject to stricter regulations, which further complicates the situation.

Neglecting colorectal cancer screening can have serious consequences. Treating cases discovered in early stages is much less costly than treating tumors found later. Therefore, it is crucial that as many people as possible participate in screenings and understand the risks of colorectal diseases.