Pregnancy – How to Avoid Developmental Disorders?

The experience of parenthood is exciting and uplifting, but it can also cause concern for parents, especially when it comes to the possibility of developmental disorders. The emergence of such disorders can instill serious fear in many parents’ lives, as no one wants the health of their little newcomer to be in question. Unfortunately, the occurrence of developmental disorders is not rare, and it is important for parents to be aware of the possibilities as well as ways to prevent them.

Developmental disorders can be categorized into various types and may affect the development of the heart, nervous system, and spine. The medical community is continuously working to improve prevention and treatment, but parents also have a role in this process. A healthy lifestyle, genetic counseling, and proper medical supervision can all contribute to reducing risks.

Common Developmental Disorders

Among developmental disorders, there are several common issues that affect the health of infants. One of the most common cases is heart developmental disorders, which affect approximately 1-2% of infants. The development of the heart is an extremely complex process that depends on numerous environmental and genetic factors. The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles, separated by muscular walls, or septa. If these walls do not close properly, disorders can occur, such as the formation of holes in the heart.

Another common developmental disorder affects the nervous system, such as spina bifida and anencephaly. In the case of spina bifida, the spinal column does not close properly, which can have serious consequences for the development of the central nervous system. Anencephaly is a particularly severe disorder in which the infant’s brainstem develops, but the brain does not, meaning these children can only perform vegetative functions. The occurrence of such disorders varies between 1 in 1000 births, causing significant concern among parents.

The Role of Genetic Counseling

Before having children, it is important for parents to be aware of genetic risks, especially if there have been severe diseases or disorders in the family. Genetic counseling can help parents understand the possible risks and provide information about prevention options.

A genetic counselor can provide detailed information based on family history and suggest necessary tests. This can be particularly important in the early stages of pregnancy when the risk of developmental disorders is highest. During counseling, parents can learn about the steps they can take to minimize risks, such as maintaining a proper lifestyle and healthy eating during pregnancy.

Genetic counseling is important not only for parents but also for the future of the children, as prevention and early detection play significant roles in the management of developmental disorders.

Reducing the Risk of Disorders

Environmental factors also play a significant role in reducing the risk of developmental disorders. Parents should pay attention to a healthy lifestyle, which includes proper nutrition, regular exercise, and stress management. It is especially important for women to monitor their weight and manage diabetes before and during pregnancy, as these are significant risk factors for heart developmental disorders.

Increasing folic acid intake can also be an important step in reducing the risk of neural tube defects. Taking 400 micrograms of folic acid daily can help prevent these issues and contribute to the healthy development of the fetus.

Additionally, during pregnancy, it is crucial for women to avoid unnecessary medication and consult their doctors if they are prescribed new medications. Avoiding infectious diseases is also key, so it is advisable to get vaccinated against common illnesses during pregnancy to minimize risks.

During pregnancy, it is essential for parents to be informed and actively participate in maintaining both their own health and the health of the fetus.