Prostate cancer: how can we prevent incontinence?

The loss of urinary control, or urinary incontinence, has become a common problem, especially among men suffering from prostate cancer who have undergone various treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy. This phenomenon can seriously affect the quality of life of patients, and it is important for patients to be aware of the potential consequences as well as the methods of treatment.

Forms and Severity of Urinary Incontinence

The appearance of urinary incontinence can manifest in various forms and severities. While some men experience only mild dribbling, others may encounter complete leakage. The most common type of incontinence is stress incontinence, which occurs during coughing, sneezing, or laughing. In contrast, urge incontinence is more frequently seen after radiation therapy and is associated with a frequent urge to urinate. Fortunately, modern medicine is continuously evolving, and new methods are being developed to treat and reduce post-operative incontinence.

Effects of Prostate Cancer Treatments

Treatments for prostate cancer, whether surgical or radiation therapies, often affect bladder function, leading to urinary incontinence as a consequence. The bladder is a muscular, hollow organ that stores urine, and during urination, its muscles contract while the muscles around the urethra relax. The prostate is a gland that surrounds the urethra, and if it is damaged or removed, problems may arise in the urination process. Radiation therapy can also affect bladder capacity and function, while surgical interventions may cause damage to surrounding nerves.

Prevention Options for Incontinence in Prostate Cancer

During prostate cancer treatment, surgeons strive to preserve the integrity of the bladder and the sphincter muscles surrounding the urethra, thereby reducing the risk of incontinence. New techniques, such as computer-guided radiation therapies, allow for targeted destruction of the prostate while minimizing the risk of bladder damage. However, patients diagnosed with prostate cancer who undergo surgical or radiation treatment must still anticipate urinary issues, even if these new methods generally cause only temporary discomfort.

To prevent incontinence, it is important for patients to be aware of the various types and causes of urinary incontinence. Strengthening the pelvic floor muscles is recommended to avoid stress incontinence, which can help improve urinary control. Additionally, patients should consider various behavioral modifications, such as reducing fluid intake or avoiding caffeine and alcohol, which can also contribute to alleviating symptoms.

Treatment Options for Incontinence

Treating incontinence after prostate cancer involves a variety of approaches. One of the most effective methods is the application of pelvic floor exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles that assist with urination. The effectiveness of these exercises can also be enhanced with biofeedback programs that help patients train the appropriate muscle groups.

Behavioral modifications, such as reducing fluid intake and avoiding caffeinated and alcoholic beverages, also play an important role in managing incontinence. Patients are encouraged to attempt urination regularly rather than waiting until the last moment. Weight loss may also help alleviate urinary problems.

Medication may also be considered, as certain drugs can increase bladder capacity and reduce the frequency of urination. New medications specifically designed to treat various forms of urinary leakage are expected in the future.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is another innovative treatment method aimed at strengthening weak muscles and improving bladder control. With this technique, the patient receives electrical impulses through a probe, which helps in training the appropriate muscle groups.

Surgical interventions, injections, and various devices can also help improve bladder function. For example, the implantation of an artificial sphincter can be an effective alternative, allowing the patient to control urination themselves. Such devices can be successfully used in more than 70-80 percent of cases.

Additionally, the use of sling techniques, which involve using a biocompatible material to support the urethra, can also be a beneficial solution. Newer surgical techniques, such as placing a rubber ring around the bladder, may also assist in retaining urine.

Conclusion

Managing incontinence after prostate cancer is a complex task, but with the right information and treatment options, patients can achieve significant improvements in their condition.