Selection or Verification? The Difference Matters
The concept of screening has gained significant importance in modern healthcare, as we increasingly focus on health preservation and early diagnoses. The popularity of screening tests is continuously growing; however, many people are unaware of the difference between screening and diagnostic tests. The purpose of screening is to identify potential diseases at an early stage among healthy individuals, while diagnostic tests aim to uncover the causes of existing symptoms.
The significance of screening tests lies in their ability to detect diseases in a timely manner, providing opportunities for early intervention. At the same time, it is important to be aware that not every new method or procedure meets the criteria for screening. The selection and application of appropriate screening tests require great caution, as incorrect diagnoses or unsuitable tests can have serious consequences.
The growing demand for screening tests indicates that society is increasingly aware of the importance of health preservation. However, with the right information, we can avoid misleading advertisements and less effective tests.
Examinations and Investigations
People generally seek medical attention when they notice some deviation or symptom that may cause concern. At this point, the purpose of the examinations is to establish a diagnosis. The term diagnosis comes from the Greek word meaning “comprehensive knowledge” and refers to the attempt by professionals to identify the source of problems through various tests.
Diagnostic tests cover a wide spectrum and aim to provide a more accurate picture of the body’s condition, the extent of diseases, and the functioning of cells. These tests are essential for developing an appropriate treatment plan, as they provide fundamental information about the disease.
It is important to understand that diagnostic tests require a different approach than screening tests. While the goal of diagnosis is to uncover the causes of existing symptoms, screening tests aim to identify early signs of a potential disease in asymptomatic individuals, thus facilitating early intervention.
Screening Tests
The aim of screening tests is to identify early signs of diseases among healthy individuals who do not exhibit specific symptoms. These tests are not diagnostic in nature but are rather probabilistic. The goal of screening is to determine whether there is a risk of disease at a given time.
The results of screening tests can be “negative” or “not negative.” A negative result means that the test indicates the disease is unlikely; however, the term “high probability” emphasizes that tests do not provide a definitive guarantee. Since tumors are not always detectable in the early stages, screening tests play an important role in prevention.
If the result of the screening is not negative, it does not automatically mean a diagnosis of the disease. It merely indicates that further tests are needed to clarify the situation, which are already diagnostic in nature. Therefore, while screening is an important step in health preservation, it does not replace diagnostic tests.
Why and How Often are Screening Tests Performed?
Many people ask why there are specific times and ages when screening tests can be conducted. This approach is not random; it is based on strict criteria developed by the World Health Organization. Among the most important requirements is that the tests must reduce mortality due to disease.
The timing of screening tests is also closely linked to the progression of the disease. According to professional recommendations, the interval between screenings should be shorter than the asymptomatic stage of the disease. For example, if an average of 3-4 years elapses before symptoms appear, then screening every two years is recommended.
Another example is colorectal screening, where the stool blood test is recommended for identifying early signs, as the initial stages of the disease may be asymptomatic for up to 5-10 years. Therefore, when choosing the frequency of screening, the nature and course of the disease must be taken into account.
Why is Screening Important?
Many people tend to wait for medical examinations until they feel some kind of problem. However, diseases identified in the early stages are generally easier and more effectively treated. Actively monitoring our health and undergoing screening tests is not only useful but also an essential step towards a long and healthy life.
If there are tests available that can facilitate the earliest possible detection, it is worth taking advantage of them. Medical check-ups not only play a key role in disease prevention but also contribute to raising awareness, which can help improve the health status of the community. Therefore, screening tests are important not only on an individual level but also at a societal level.
