Signs and Treatment Methods of Bursitis

The bursae, also known as bursae sacs, are important elements of our body that protect and cushion the protrusions of bones. These structures are found in about seventy different locations in the body, and their main function is to facilitate the movement of muscles and tendons over the bones. Due to their location and function, they are constantly under stress and can easily become injured or infected.

The Symptoms of Bursitis

Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursae, which can develop for various reasons. One of the most common triggers is the effect of prolonged repetitive minor injuries, but a sudden major trauma can also cause inflammation. In such cases, fluid may accumulate inside the bursa, which can even lead to bleeding.

Another possible cause of inflammation is the proliferation of bacteria in the bursa, which also results in fluid accumulation. Additionally, certain chronic health conditions can contribute to the development of bursitis.

The symptoms of bursitis usually appear suddenly and cause tenderness and swelling in the area around the inflamed bursa. When the patient tries to move the nearby joints, severe pain may occur. If the inflammation is caused by an infection, redness of the skin may also be observed.

In the case of bursitis, the symptoms typically do not involve general complaints such as fever, chills, or loss of appetite. These signs only occur in rare cases when there is a purulent inflammation, which is most often caused by the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

If bursitis persists for an extended period, the pain may decrease, the wall of the bursa may thicken, and the accumulated fluid may cause a sensation of fluctuation upon palpation. The diagnosis is primarily based on the patient’s complaints, as laboratory tests do not always show abnormalities, except in chronic cases where calcifications may be observed in the wall of the bursa.

The Most Common Locations for Bursitis

Bursitis most commonly occurs in the elbow and knee. The bursa located above the olecranon is the most frequently inflamed area, especially in individuals who regularly lean on their elbows. This mechanical irritation can lead to inflammation, which may present in purulent or gouty forms.

In the knee, prepatellar bursitis is common in people who kneel frequently, such as floor layers or cleaners. The skin in this area may be warm, red, and swollen, and bending the knee can cause painful sensations. Bursitis can also occur at the attachment of the Achilles tendon, particularly in those who walk a lot.

In the aforementioned cases, inflammation can become chronic if excessive strain continues, so patients should pay attention to signs of pain and their body’s reactions.

Treatment of Bursitis

The treatment of bursitis depends on the underlying causes. If the inflammation is caused by trauma, rest, the application of a splint, and immobilization of the limb are recommended. Icing and the use of anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving ointments can help reduce inflammation. In cases of severe pain, local steroid injections may also be used.

If the inflammation is caused by an infection, the use of antibiotics and the draining of accumulated fluid are necessary. This procedure can be repeated multiple times if needed.

If the symptoms do not decrease with the above treatments and significantly interfere with the patient’s daily activities, surgical intervention may become necessary. Surgical solutions are also recommended if bursitis frequently recurs or if the inflammation is of purulent or gouty origin. Proper treatment and attention can help effectively manage bursitis and promote healing.