Sleep Apnea – What Risks Does It Carry?
A cessation of breathing, also known as sleep apnea, is a serious health issue that not only affects the daily life of the individual but can also have adverse effects on relationships. The interruptions in breathing that occur during sleep lead to a decrease in the body’s oxygen supply, which can result in severe complications in the long term. Recognizing and treating sleep apnea is crucial, as individuals suffering from the condition often do not realize the problem they experience during sleep.
The symptoms of apnea often remain hidden, while the patient reports daytime fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. The effects of the disease are not only physical but can also be associated with psychological symptoms, such as mood swings or anxiety. Therefore, sleep apnea is a complex problem that should be taken seriously, and professional assistance should be sought if necessary.
There are different forms of sleep apnea, and conducting appropriate tests is essential for establishing the correct diagnosis.
The effects of sleep apnea on daily life
The effects of sleep apnea are extremely wide-ranging and are not limited to the quality of sleep. As a result of the disease, daily energy levels can significantly decrease, leading to fatigue, irritability, and concentration difficulties. Affected individuals often find that work, studying, or even everyday activities become more challenging.
Daytime fatigue not only impacts the individual but also affects their environment. Continuous exhaustion and mood swings put a strain on family and friends and can even lead to relationship problems. As a consequence of sleep apnea, patients often suffer from symptoms of sleep deprivation, which gradually deteriorates their quality of life.
In children, sleep apnea can be particularly concerning, as pathological interruptions in breathing can lead to hyperactivity and attention disorders. Decreased school performance and behavioral problems can also pose challenges for parents.
Health risks and complications
Sleep apnea carries numerous health risks. The interruptions in breathing cause a sudden drop in blood oxygen levels, which places increased strain on the cardiovascular system. The disease promotes the development of high blood pressure and also increases the risk of arrhythmias. Among individuals suffering from obstructive sleep apnea, the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases significantly increases.
Research shows that the mortality rate among those living with severe sleep apnea is higher, particularly among middle-aged men. Factors leading to the development of heart diseases include the low blood oxygen levels caused by breathing interruptions, which can damage the heart muscle in the long term and increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Moreover, the disease can contribute to other chronic conditions such as diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity. Interruptions in breathing during sleep increase cravings for carbohydrates, which can contribute to the development of obesity.
Diagnosis and screening options
The diagnosis of sleep apnea is crucial for appropriate treatment. Doctors may suspect the disease based on symptoms such as loud snoring, daytime fatigue, and morning headaches. However, detailed examinations are necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis.
Polysomnography conducted in sleep diagnostic laboratories provides the most comprehensive picture of breathing patterns during sleep, oxygen levels, and heart and brain activity. Alternatively, there is also the option of home monitoring, where necessary parameters can be measured using simpler devices.
Other specialist examinations may be necessary to exclude potential anatomical deviations or cardiovascular problems. Conducting these examinations is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment method for affected individuals.
After a specialist consultation and diagnosis, a wide range of treatment options are available, depending on the severity of the disease and the individual needs.
