The pneumococcus, also known as Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a widely distributed bacterium that can cause a number of serious diseases. It is commonly associated with typical bacterial pneumonia, purulent meningitis, as well as sinusitis and otitis media. The bacterium can be particularly dangerous for young children and older adults, who are at the highest risk of complications. The pneumococcus is present in most healthy individuals, often without symptoms. The bacterium primarily resides in the mucous membranes of the pharynx and nasal cavity. Carriage is especially common among young children, as they can easily transmit the pathogen to one another. The frequency of carriage gradually decreases into adulthood, but it can…