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Neutrophil cells
The neutrophil granulocytes are a type of granulocyte found in the blood and lymphatic system, playing a key role in the body’s immune response. These cells belong to the group of white blood cells and are crucial in defending against pathogens. Neutrophils can be easily identified during microscopic examinations due to their characteristic staining, which helps professionals diagnose various immunological conditions. These granulocytes constitute about two-thirds of the white blood cells and primarily play a role in defense against bacteria. Their tasks include engulfing and breaking down pathogens, as well as releasing toxic substances that aid in the destruction of these pathogens. The normal values of neutrophil granulocytes can be…
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The functional disorders of platelets may lead to the appearance of bruises.
A platelets, or thrombocytes, play a key role in the blood coagulation process, which is essential for stopping bleeding. These cells circulate in the bloodstream and respond quickly to any injury to prevent excessive blood loss. However, the functioning of platelets is not always seamless, and if dysfunction occurs, it can lead to serious bleeding disorders that can be life-threatening. Hematologists, such as Dr. Zsuzsanna Szélessy, emphasize that the health and function of platelets are crucial for the body. The Role of Platelets in Blood Coagulation Platelets are vital during primary hemostasis, as they gather at the site of a damaged blood vessel and form a clot to prevent bleeding.…
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Types, Symptoms, and Therapeutic Options of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a complex group of diseases that includes malignant tumors of the lymphatic system. There are significant differences among its various types, which can be observed in terms of age, response to treatment, disease aggressiveness, and progression. These factors fundamentally influence the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, making it important for both patients and doctors to be aware of the diversity of lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma develops from immune cells associated with the lymphatic system, and the location of tumor cell proliferation can vary. The most common types of NHL can be identified based on location, cell type, and genetic mutations. Understanding the disease accurately is…
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Eosinophils
Eosinophilic granulocytes, which are part of the white blood cells, play an important role in the functioning of the human immune system. These cells are produced in the bone marrow and, upon completion of their maturation, enter the bloodstream. Their primary function lies in defending against allergic reactions and certain infections. They are most commonly found in mucous membranes, where they provide protection against potential pathogens. The normal level of eosinophilic granulocytes in the blood falls within a defined range, which is an important indicator of the body’s health status. These cells are not only involved in inflammatory processes but are also key players during allergic reactions, meaning that an…
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Characteristics, Types, and Therapeutic Options of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a condition characterized by abnormalities in the hematopoietic system, primarily marked by the immaturity of blood cells or a decrease in their numbers. This syndrome primarily affects the elderly population, but it can also occur in younger individuals. Understanding the diagnosis and treatment of MDS is crucial for patients, as the disease can have long-term consequences for quality of life and survival rates. Development of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Myelodysplastic syndromes develop in situations where the bone marrow fails to produce an adequate quantity and quality of blood cells. In MDS, immature or abnormal blood cells are formed, which die off in the bone marrow or bloodstream,…
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Symptoms and Therapeutic Options of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Az akut mieloid leukémia (AML) egy olyan súlyos betegség, amely a csontvelői vérképző sejtek daganatos elváltozásából ered. E betegség előfordulása különösen gyakori a fiatal felnőttek és az idősebb korosztály körében. A leukémia jellemzője, hogy a normál sejtek helyét a kóros sejtek foglalják el a csontvelőben, ami komoly egészségügyi problémákhoz vezethet. Az AML gyorsan fejlődik, és ha nem kezelik, a beteg életét veszélyezteti. A betegség kialakulásának okai sokrétűek, és bár nem minden esetben ismertek, bizonyos kockázati tényezők, mint például a vegyi anyagokkal való érintkezés vagy sugárzás, hozzájárulhatnak a leukémia megjelenéséhez. Az AML diagnózisának felállítása komplex folyamat, amely különféle vizsgálatok és elemzések sorozatát igényli. A modern orvostudomány fejlődésének köszönhetően az AML kezelése…
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Reticulocyte value – What does the lab result show?
The reticulocytes are the young, still undeveloped forms of red blood cells that no longer contain a nucleus. They are typically found in low quantities in the bloodstream, as primarily mature red blood cells enter circulation from the bone marrow. These cells play an important role in the body’s oxygen supply, so the number and proportion of reticulocytes in the blood provide important information about bone marrow function and the efficiency of red blood cell production. Blood tests determine the quantity and proportion of reticulocytes, which helps doctors in establishing a diagnosis. Normal Reticulocyte Count The normal value for reticulocyte count is between 0.8-2.2%, as well as between 40-97 G/l.…
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Unusual Blood Cell Production: Myelodysplastic Syndrome
The group of hematological diseases includes myelodysplastic syndrome, which is related to the abnormal functioning of the bone marrow. These disorders affect the formation of blood cells, leading to a decrease in the composition of the blood and the oxygen supply to the body. A characteristic feature of this group of diseases is that hematopoietic stem cells are unable to function properly, resulting in a deterioration in both the quantity and quality of blood cells. Myelodysplastic syndrome encompasses various forms, which are distinguished by the ratio of immature cell precursors, known as myeloblasts, found in the blood. Despite the popular name of the disease, it is not only the production…
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Infections in Hematological Diseases
The hematological diseases, such as various blood disorders, significantly impact the body’s immune response. These conditions weaken the immune system through various mechanisms, leading to an increased risk of infections for patients. As a result of the deterioration of immune function, hematological patients are much more susceptible to infections caused by various pathogens than healthy individuals. Causes of Increased Infection Susceptibility in Hematological Patients The aim of this article is to present the underlying causes of increased infection susceptibility in hematological patients, as well as the types of infections that most commonly occur in their cases. Hematological conditions such as leukemia or lymphoma affect the functioning of the bone marrow…
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Megaloblastic Anemia
The megaloblastic anemia is a condition in which red blood cells develop in an abnormal form. As a result, the maturation of the cells is disrupted, preventing them from fulfilling their function, which leads to anemia. Symptoms often appear gradually in many cases, and the disease can develop insidiously. The most common underlying cause of megaloblastic anemia is vitamin deficiency, the diagnosis and treatment of which are vital for improving the patient’s condition. Disorders of blood formation can arise from various causes, with the most common factors being deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folic acid. Without these vitamins, the normal maturation process of the cells is interrupted, which can have…
