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Neutrophil cells
The neutrophil granulocytes are a type of granulocyte found in the blood and lymphatic system, playing a key role in the body’s immune response. These cells belong to the group of white blood cells and are crucial in defending against pathogens. Neutrophils can be easily identified during microscopic examinations due to their characteristic staining, which helps professionals diagnose various immunological conditions. These granulocytes constitute about two-thirds of the white blood cells and primarily play a role in defense against bacteria. Their tasks include engulfing and breaking down pathogens, as well as releasing toxic substances that aid in the destruction of these pathogens. The normal values of neutrophil granulocytes can be…
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The Physiological Processes of Fever – Our Body’s Response and Personal Characteristics
Fever, also known as pyrexia, is a disturbance in the body’s temperature regulation, characterized by an increase in the body’s normal temperature. This phenomenon can be caused by various pyrogenic substances, and the degree of fever often exceeds daily physiological variations. Most people have experienced fever at some point, but many are unaware of what happens in their bodies during this time. The Process of Temperature Regulation The hypothalamus, located in the brain, is responsible for maintaining the body’s temperature. This center continuously monitors the body’s temperature and gathers various information from the heat sensors in the skin and internal organs. The process of temperature regulation is extremely complex, as…
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Allergy to Chemical Substances
The modern world exposes us to various chemicals that affect our quality of life and health. These substances can be found in the air, our food and drinks, as well as in our workplaces and homes. As technology advances, the presence of chemicals increasingly becomes a part of our daily lives. Although most chemicals are not hazardous, there are those that can cause sensitivity and allergic reactions when present in high concentrations or with long-term exposure. Traffic fumes, cigarette smoke, and other environmental factors can further enhance this sensitivity. The best method to prevent allergic reactions is to avoid potentially harmful chemicals, but this is nearly impossible in practice, as…
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The Role of Down Syndrome in the Fight Against Cancer
The world of scientific research is constantly producing new discoveries that lead to a better understanding and treatment of various diseases. Cancer, as one of the most complex and widespread diseases, has always been at the center of attention. A particularly interesting question is why certain individuals, such as those with Down syndrome, suffer less frequently from certain cancers. Down syndrome is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, which exerts various genetic effects on the body. Recent research has highlighted that the unique genes on chromosome 21 may provide potential protection against certain cancers. Discoveries by scientists could open new directions in cancer treatments and offer hope to…
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CMV herpesvirus can also trigger high blood pressure
A herpesviruses, which affect a significant portion of the population, have primarily been known for their infectious diseases so far. However, recent research suggests that these viruses can also cause more serious health problems, such as the development of high blood pressure. These discoveries may open a new dimension in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. During the research, scientists noticed that herpesviruses, particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), cause inflammation in blood vessels, which can lead to high blood pressure in the long term. The presence of CMV in the bodies of a significant portion of adults indicates that it appears not only as an infectious disease but also as a serious…
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The triggers, signs, and therapeutic options of hemolytic anemia
The condition known as anemia, also referred to as anemic condition, is characterized by lower than normal levels of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. This issue can arise from various causes, including blood loss, problems related to blood distribution, as well as a decrease in red blood cell production or an increase in their destruction. Hemolytic anemia is a specific form of anemia that involves the faster destruction of red blood cells than they can regenerate. The term hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, during which the cells are destroyed in the bloodstream or other parts of the body, such as the liver and…
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Acute and Chronic Inflammation – How Do They Differ?
A inflammation is the body’s natural defense response that occurs in response to various harmful effects, such as infections, injuries, or irritations. Understanding inflammatory processes is essential for diagnosing and treating health problems. Acute inflammation appears suddenly with well-defined symptoms, while chronic inflammation is a gradual, prolonged condition that is often difficult to detect. Diagnosing inflammation is not always straightforward, as laboratory tests and medical symptoms are not always clear-cut. Types of Inflammation There are two main types of inflammation: acute and chronic. Acute inflammation occurs rapidly, while chronic inflammation can persist over the long term, sometimes for months. Appropriate medical care and identifying the underlying causes are crucial for…
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Explanation of How Our Immune System Works
A modern medical science has developed significantly, yet numerous microorganisms in our environment can cause serious diseases. These include bacteria, fungi, and parasites that can easily penetrate our bodies and trigger infections. The body’s defense against these pathogens is extremely important, as the immune system’s role is to prevent infections and maintain the integrity of the body. The Role of Non-Specific Immunity Non-specific immunity forms the first line of defense against pathogens and is fundamentally based on physical and chemical barriers. The skin, as the largest organ of the body, prevents the entry of pathogens, while mucous membranes and the secretions they produce help fend off infections. Sebum, saliva, and…
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Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis with Immunotherapy
Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is a prevalent issue that complicates the lives of many individuals. This condition arises due to various allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Allergic reactions significantly impact daily quality of life, with symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and itching often disrupting the activities of those affected. Treating hay fever can often be challenging, as traditional medications only alleviate symptoms without addressing the root cause of the problem. Immunotherapy is an alternative solution that tackles the underlying cause of the disease, allowing patients to find a long-term resolution to their issue. During the therapy, the body develops tolerance through gradual exposure…
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The protein indicating inflammation in the blood and obesity – What risks does it pose?
The health of children is becoming increasingly important to society, as the future of younger generations greatly depends on proper lifestyle and nutrition. Obesity, which is a growing problem worldwide, is not only experienced among adults but also among the youngest, including preschool-aged children. Overweight children often face serious health issues, not just aesthetic concerns, which can significantly affect their quality of life in the long run. Overweight and obesity are also linked to childhood cardiovascular diseases, which were previously typically observed only in adults. The latest research indicates that signs of heart disease can appear even at a young age, which is a concerning phenomenon. It is crucial to…
