The neural tube defects represent one of the most common groups of developmental disorders that occur during the development of the fetal nervous system. The neural tube normally forms in the early stages of pregnancy, and its closure is essential for proper brain and spinal cord formation. If this closure is incomplete or does not occur at all, various abnormalities may develop, which can have serious consequences for the life of the unborn child. The closure of the neural tube occurs during the fourth week of pregnancy, and if the fetus is exposed to harmful effects during this period, it can disrupt the process. In addition to genetic factors, external…