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Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary blood disorder that arises due to a defect in hemoglobin. The disease is caused by a genetic mutation that leads to changes in the hemoglobin molecules of red blood cells. This pathological condition is most commonly found among Mediterranean and African populations, but it can also be present in other regions. Sickle cell anemia is the most common of the hemoglobinopathies, with the abnormal hemoglobin, known as HbS, replacing normal hemoglobin in the body. The inheritance of the disease is autosomal recessive, meaning that sickle cell anemia develops only in individuals who inherit the abnormal gene from both parents. Those who inherit the defective…
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Oral Thrush: Symptoms and Prevention Options
The oral thrush, which most commonly affects infants and young children, is a fungal infection that develops inside the mouth. Its causative agent is most often Candida albicans, although other Candida species may also occur. This fungus is naturally found in various parts of the body, such as the intestines, vagina, and mouth. Causes of Oral Thrush The background of oral thrush is usually related to a weak immune system, which is particularly noticeable in infants, as their immune responses are still developing. The infection often occurs during vaginal birth, but it can also happen in older children, although this is rarer. The use of antibiotics can also contribute to…
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Hepatitis B
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious global health challenge that is spreading significantly worldwide. In some cases, the infected individual can overcome the virus with the help of their immune system; however, chronic infection can lead to serious complications such as liver failure and liver cancer. Hepatitis B primarily spreads through blood and sexual contact, but the infection can be prevented through vaccination. It is crucial for society to be aware of the risk factors and methods of prevention to prevent such diseases. Globally, approximately 300 million people are affected by the hepatitis B virus, and the number of infected individuals is increasing every year. According to WHO…
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Characteristics, Backgrounds, and Diagnostic Process of Dry Eye
A dry eye is a condition that is becoming increasingly common in modern society and affects the quality of life for many individuals. Eye health is closely intertwined with the environment we live in and our daily activities. Long hours spent in the digital world, air-conditioned spaces, and various external irritants can all contribute to the development of dry eyes. Dry eye syndrome not only causes discomfort but can also have serious consequences. Symptoms include itching, burning sensations, and eye fatigue, which can interfere with our daily activities such as reading or driving. The medical community is continuously researching the causes and treatment options for the condition to help those…
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Dementia – It is important to consider the first symptoms
A dementia, as a condition that becomes increasingly common with age, poses serious challenges for patients and their surroundings. In the older population, various forms of dementia manifest, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most prevalent among them. These types of neurodegenerative diseases not only complicate the daily lives of those affected but also impact the lives of family members. The Symptoms of Dementia The symptoms of dementia often present gradually, making diagnosis difficult. Initially, minor forms of forgetfulness, such as forgetting familiar names or losing track of daily tasks, may seem like temporary issues. However, if these signs become more frequent, it is advisable to seek medical assistance. Dementia is…
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Nasal Congestion Can Lead to Ear Cyst Formation
The middle ear cholesteatoma, also known as cholesteatoma, is a condition that can develop due to improper functioning of the Eustachian tube. This disease is extremely insidious, as its growth can damage the sensitive structures in the middle ear, including the bones and tissues responsible for hearing. Typically, a two-step surgical intervention is required for its treatment, making it essential to diagnose and address any issues related to the Eustachian tube and the nasal cavity in a timely manner. Cholesteatoma is not a true tumor, but it possesses characteristics that make it similar to one. During the progression of the disease, the growing lesion in the middle ear can destroy…
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Possible Consequences of a Cold
The common cold, which is particularly frequent during the cold seasons, complicates the lives of many. Symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, and cough typically appear within a few days. Despite these symptoms, many do not rush to see a doctor, as the common cold usually resolves on its own. However, if the complaints do not decrease after four days, it is important to seek medical help, as more serious complications may arise. The treatment of the common cold can often be managed with homeopathic methods, such as consuming warm teas, taking vitamins, and using inhalations. However, if the illness is accompanied by complications, such as a bacterial…
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Upper Abdominal Discomfort – Signs and Remedies of Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia is a term that encompasses problems caused by poor digestion. This phenomenon includes various digestive disorders, with the main characteristic being discomfort in the upper abdomen. Modern lifestyle and dietary habits often contribute to the occurrence of dyspepsia, making life difficult for many people. Dyspepsia can cause a wide range of symptoms that vary in intensity and severity from person to person. In many cases, complaints return persistently, with varying interruptions, disrupting daily life. The phenomenon is generally harmless, but the associated discomfort can often be frustrating. Dyspepsia is therefore not just a single digestive problem but a complex condition that requires attention. Symptoms related to dyspepsia cover a…
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Uric Acid – What is the Significance of Abnormal Levels?
The uric acid is an important metabolic product in the human body, resulting from the breakdown of purine compounds. These compounds are naturally found in food, particularly in protein-rich foods. In healthy individuals, the majority of uric acid is excreted by the kidneys, while the remainder is eliminated through sweat and the gastrointestinal tract. However, under certain circumstances, uric acid levels can rise, leading to various health problems. Measuring uric acid levels is important because an excessive amount can crystallize, causing arthritis or kidney diseases. It is essential to continuously monitor uric acid levels and take appropriate steps to maintain them within a normal range when necessary. Understanding Uric Acid…
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How well do you know reflux? Test your knowledge!
The condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one in which stomach acid returns to the esophagus. This process can cause various symptoms that can be disruptive and uncomfortable. Many people experience reflux, but not everyone recognizes the signs that indicate the presence of this disease. The symptoms encompass a wide range, and those affected often do not realize that their complaints are due to reflux. In most cases, patients are unaware of how significantly the backflow of stomach acid affects their quality of life. For the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, it is essential to be aware of the main signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Knowing the symptoms…
