Sleep is a fundamental life-sustaining function essential for maintaining physical and mental well-being. During sleep, the body undergoes processes of regeneration and cleansing, which help recover the energies needed for daily life. The question, however, is why we need to suspend our consciousness and reactions to sleep? Why is it not sufficient to simply rest while awake? To understand these questions, it is worth examining the biology of sleep and the underlying mechanisms. Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Homeostasis The complex processes of sleep are governed by the body’s internal clock, the circadian rhythm, and sleep homeostasis. The circadian rhythm is a 24-hour cycle regulated by cells located in the hypothalamus,…