The development of an umbilical hernia and the surgical procedure process

The umbilical hernia, which is a protrusion experienced in the area of the navel, can affect the lives of many people. The appearance of the hernia often occurs gradually, and due to the unique characteristics of the umbilical ring, its shape can also vary. The development of an umbilical hernia does not always come with complaints; however, its increasing size over time, the weakening of the abdominal wall, and the increase in abdominal pressure can cause problems.

Initially, the umbilical hernia may only represent a minor discomfort, but symptoms can intensify when the hernia causes the pinching of the peritoneum and soft tissues. Smaller hernias typically cause pain only with certain movements, while larger hernias may be noticeable even when standing or during physical activity.

Types of Umbilical Hernias and Their Characteristics

Umbilical hernias can be classified into two main groups: childhood and adult umbilical hernias. Childhood umbilical hernias are usually congenital and the size of the hernia opening is small, often appearing as a bulge of one to two centimeters. These hernias tend to spontaneously heal, especially in the first months when the child is not straining or crying.

In the first two years, childhood umbilical hernias can be treated conservatively, for example, with self-adhesive tape that helps close the navel. Surgery is only necessary if the hernia increases in size or significant complaints arise. After the age of two, the likelihood of spontaneous healing decreases, making surgical intervention necessary.

Adult umbilical hernias are generally an acquired problem resulting from excessive strain on the abdominal wall. Pregnancy and excess weight often contribute to the development of the hernia. Symptoms of adult umbilical hernias mainly occur during physical activity, and in the case of larger hernias, bowel movement disorders may also occur. The skin above the navel may thin and stretch, and in neglected cases, ulcers can develop.

Treatment Options for Umbilical Hernias

The treatment of an umbilical hernia requires surgical intervention, as conservative methods are generally insufficient to resolve the issue. During surgery, the hernia sac is removed, and the opening in the abdominal wall is closed. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia, but local anesthesia may also be used if the risks justify it.

During the surgery, a transverse incision is made around the area of the navel. The surgeon carefully removes the hernia sac and closes the abdominal wall by layering the tissues. This reinforces the abdominal wall, reducing the risk of hernia recurrence. After the surgery, patients usually stay in the hospital for a few days for recovery.

After surgery, patients are advised to wear a flexible abdominal binder to relieve the tension on the stitches. It is recommended to wear the binder for 4-6 weeks post-surgery to ensure a strong scar forms. The success rates of the surgery are extremely high, generally around 95%, but the risk of complications can significantly increase in life-saving procedures.

Prevention of Umbilical Hernias and Lifestyle Advice

To prevent umbilical hernias, it is important to strengthen the abdominal muscles and maintain proper posture. Reducing excess weight, eating a healthy diet, and engaging in regular physical activity can all contribute to preserving the strength of the abdominal wall. Special attention should be paid to protecting the abdominal wall during pregnancy, as abdominal pressure can increase during this time.

During vigorous physical activity, it is essential to pay attention to proper technique to avoid excessive strain on the abdominal wall. For instance, when lifting weights, maintaining proper posture is crucial, and it is advisable to seek assistance when lifting heavy objects. Regular exercise of the abdominal muscles, such as through Pilates or yoga, can also help in preventing umbilical hernias.

Overall, an umbilical hernia is a problem that can be well managed with proper attention and treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate interventions can help avoid complications, allowing for a quick and smooth recovery for patients.