The pain of sciatica may develop as a consequence of seating.

The spine is one of the most important parts of the human body, providing stability and mobility. However, over the years, the spine often suffers from various issues due to continuous strain and poor posture. The most common problems include herniated discs, lumbago, and sciatica. These painful conditions not only cause discomfort but also make daily life difficult.

To maintain the health of the spine, it is essential to understand its structure and function, as well as how to prevent potential problems. Proper posture, regular exercise, and suitable training programs can help avoid spinal issues. Pain management and rehabilitation also play a key role in the healing process.

The spine is not just a rigid framework but a flexible system made up of various vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and muscles. To ensure optimal functioning of the spine, it is crucial to maintain these elements properly. Recognizing and addressing the symptoms of spinal problems is important, as it helps to be aware of the most common conditions and their causes.

The Structure and Function of the Spine

The spine is a fundamental element of the internal skeleton of vertebrates, consisting of 33-35 vertebrae in humans. These vertebrae can be divided into different sections: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4-6 coccygeal vertebrae. The intervertebral discs located between the vertebrae provide flexibility, allowing movement of the spine.

The intervertebral discs consist of two layers: an outer, stronger layer and an inner, softer layer. This structure helps maintain the stability of the spine while allowing necessary movements. The joints and ligaments between the vertebrae also contribute to spinal stability, while the muscles adjacent to the spine support movement and posture.

When damage occurs to the intervertebral discs, the inner part can protrude, potentially putting pressure on the nerves. This typically affects the cervical and lumbar regions, as these areas are subjected to the most strain. Herniated discs often cause pain and limited mobility, which can be an important warning sign regarding spinal health.

Causes and Symptoms of Sciatica

Sciatica, also known as sciatic nerve pain, is a consequence of problems in the lower section of the spine. When a herniated disc exerts pressure on the sciatic nerve, the patient may experience various symptoms. The intensity of the pain can vary widely, ranging from sudden sharp jolts to gradually appearing dull aches.

In addition to pain, numbness, tingling, and a burning sensation may also occur in the affected area. Disturbances in skin sensation, reflex loss, and decreased muscle strength are also common symptoms. In more severe cases, symptoms of paralysis and issues with urinary or fecal retention may occur.

When symptoms of sciatica appear, it is crucial to have a proper medical examination, especially if the pain is sudden and intense. The doctor can assess the condition by observing the patient’s posture and performing various imaging tests to determine the necessary steps for treatment.

Treatment and Prevention Options

The treatment of sciatica typically begins with conservative methods, which include the use of pain relievers, either in tablet or injection form. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely available and can effectively help reduce pain. Muscle relaxants may also be recommended to alleviate muscle tension.

It is important to note that in most cases, sciatica improves on its own within 1-2 weeks, but the underlying causes, such as a herniated disc, may still persist, leading to further symptoms. Therefore, prevention should also be emphasized, especially after the rehabilitation period.

To prevent sciatica, it is advisable to engage in regular physical activity, such as swimming or spinal exercises. These not only strengthen the muscles around the spine but also help maintain proper posture. Physical therapy procedures can also be beneficial in reducing the risk of intervertebral disc injury. In severe cases, when pain persists or symptoms of paralysis arise, surgical intervention may be necessary.

To maintain spinal health, awareness and a proactive approach are essential to avoid painful conditions and improve our quality of life.