Weak Bone Structure – Risk Factors and Prevention Options

Osteoporosis, also known as bone loss, is a condition in which the structure and density of bones decrease, making them more fragile. This process is particularly characteristic of women, especially after menopause, when the body undergoes hormonal changes. As bones weaken, the risk of fractures increases, which can have serious consequences for the quality of life of those affected.

The degree and speed of bone loss vary from person to person, but research suggests that women can lose up to 30% of their bone density by the age of 70. For women who are underweight, smoke, or consume alcohol, this risk is even higher. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is made through X-ray examinations, but the disease can remain asymptomatic for a long time until a fracture occurs. The most common fracture sites include the wrist and hip, which can be injured even after a simple trip or lifting a heavy object.

In older individuals, it is common for the vertebrae to compress, leading to a decrease in height and a hunched posture. Additionally, many may complain of back pain, which may initially be temporary but can persist in the long term. Such pain can arise from various spinal diseases, muscle strains, or wear and tear of the vertebrae.

The Causes and Characteristics of Back Pain

Back pain is one of the most common complaints affecting a significant percentage of people during their lives. There can be numerous causes behind different types of back pain, including issues with vertebrae, intervertebral discs, small joints, ligaments beside the spine, muscles, nerve roots, and internal organs. The pain can be acute, developing as a result of a sudden movement or greater strain, but it can also be chronic if it persists for a longer period.

Back pain often indicates various spinal diseases, such as osteoporosis, degenerative disc disease, or ankylosing spondylitis. Additionally, lateral curvature of the spine (scoliosis) can also cause pain, as can a narrowed spinal canal. Injuries, such as fractures, can further exacerbate the pain.

The treatment of back pain often requires a complex approach. After a proper diagnosis is established, treatment may include physical therapy, medications, and, in some cases, surgical intervention. It is important for those affected to seek professional help in a timely manner to avoid the pain becoming chronic.

Preventing Bone Weakness

To prevent osteoporosis, it is essential to pay attention to our lifestyle. Adequate nutrient intake, particularly vitamin D and calcium, is crucial for maintaining bone health. Vitamin D is produced in the skin in response to sunlight, while rich sources of calcium include milk, cheese, vegetables, and legumes. Even if someone is mobility-impaired, a few minutes of sun exposure daily can help maintain vitamin D levels.

In addition, regular physical exercise is key to preserving bone strength. Weight-bearing exercises and resistance training are particularly beneficial as they promote increased bone density. However, for older adults, it is important to avoid activities that could lead to injury.

In addition to a healthy lifestyle, hormone replacement therapy may also be used in women after menopause to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Furthermore, calcium supplements may be recommended for the older population. However, it is important for patients at risk of osteoporosis to avoid taking corticosteroids, as these can contribute to bone weakening.

To prevent osteoporosis, the following steps are also recommended: regular light exercise, minimizing the use of sedatives and sleeping pills, reducing alcohol consumption, and improving walking safety by using assistive devices such as canes. It is also advisable to reduce the risk of accidents at home, for example, by using non-slip mats and placing grab bars in bathrooms and next to stairs.

These measures can help maintain bone health and prevent osteoporosis, thereby ensuring a better quality of life for those affected.