What are the causes of reflux?

The reflux disease is a condition that complicates the lives of many people, and numerous factors may contribute to its background. The complex functioning of the digestive system and the role of various sphincter mechanisms are essential for normal digestion. The lower esophageal sphincter, located at the boundary between the stomach and the esophagus, plays a key role in preventing the backflow of stomach contents. If this sphincter does not function properly, reflux may occur, causing unpleasant symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation.

What Causes the Development of Reflux Disease?

Several factors play a role in the development of reflux disease, one of the most important being the functioning of the lower esophageal sphincter. People with weaker functioning of this muscle are more prone to reflux. In addition to sphincter insufficiency, a hiatal hernia is often associated, which can further weaken the functioning of the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach. During a hiatal hernia, the abdominal portion of the esophagus may move above the diaphragm, making it difficult to retain stomach contents.

The question arises as to what external factors also influence the functioning of the sphincter. Poor nutrition, such as fatty foods, caffeine, chocolate, as well as overly spicy or acidic foods can relax the sphincter, promoting the onset of reflux. Additionally, certain medications may contribute to the worsening of symptoms, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or anticholinergic agents, which can damage the stomach lining.

In infants, reflux often stems from the immaturity of the nerve regulation of the sphincter, which typically resolves on its own during development. However, in adults, reflux can cause persistent complaints, making timely treatment particularly important.

The Relationship Between Abdominal Pressure and Reflux

Increased abdominal pressure also plays a significant role in the development of reflux. When pressure in the abdominal cavity rises, stomach contents are more easily pushed towards the esophagus. Several factors can cause increased abdominal pressure, including obesity, overeating, tight clothing, or physical activities such as heavy lifting.

During pregnancy, the enlarging uterus due to the growth of the fetus can also increase abdominal pressure, leading to reflux symptoms. As pressure increases, the stomach has less space, negatively affecting the functioning of the sphincter. Obesity is particularly concerning, as excess fatty tissue exerts pressure on the stomach, further exacerbating reflux symptoms.

Understanding the relationship between abdominal pressure and reflux is crucial for prevention and treatment, as reducing excess weight, maintaining proper nutrition, and adopting suitable clothing habits can help alleviate symptoms.

The Impact of Food and Drink on Reflux

Nutrition significantly affects the symptoms of reflux disease. The consumption of certain foods and drinks can increase stomach acid production, which can worsen reflux symptoms. For example, citrus fruits, tomatoes, carbonated beverages, and high-acid fruit juices can all contribute to increased stomach acid, thus promoting reflux flare-ups.

Alcohol consumption is also a risk factor, as alcohol can irritate the stomach lining and reduce the effectiveness of the sphincter. Additionally, fatty foods, as well as overly spicy and overly sweet dishes, can stimulate stomach acid production, which also contributes to the development of reflux.

While acid-reducing medications play an important role in symptom management, it is essential to remember that the cause of reflux disease is not solely excess acid production. The risk of developing gastritis and peptic ulcers may also increase if acid production is not adequately managed. For prevention, attention should be paid to nutrition, avoiding foods and drinks that exacerbate reflux.

The Role of Psychological Factors in Reflux

Psychological factors may also be behind reflux disease, influencing the severity of symptoms. Stress, anxiety, and depression can increase sensitivity in the area of the stomach, making individuals more susceptible to acid effects. Due to central nervous system hypersensitivity, reflux patients often perceive heartburn and other symptoms more intensely.

The relationship between psychological state and reflux is complex, as stressful situations can exacerbate complaints, while reflux disease can also contribute to the development of anxiety and depression. Therefore, emotional state plays a key role in symptom management.

Psychological support, such as stress management techniques or psychotherapy, may help alleviate reflux symptoms. In addition to medical treatment, maintaining mental health is crucial for the effective management of reflux disease. Individuals should pay attention to their mental well-being, as physical and mental balance can contribute to reducing reflux symptoms.